The small gold bracelet represents that the primitive tribes at this time had begun to have art and culture.

There is the very famous Stonehenge

The Romans occupied England, Wales and southern Scotland This area was called Roman Britain

This brought about wider prosperity and cultural grafting, along with the introduction of wine drinking.

Anglos: mainly from Denmark

Saxons: mainly from Germany

King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, Enemies of Resistance the Anglo-Saxons

Christianity is in decline

Focus on agriculture, almost no trade

The introduction of gold, trading with gold, mainly exporting wool

London became an important port and center of trade

The islands are divided into: Kingdom of Kent, Kingdom of East Anglia, etc.

The capital of the Kingdom of Kent: Canterbury, the religious center of England The highest bishop in England is the Archbishop of Canterbury

Gradually identifying with Englishness also began to be used as a form of identity.

During the Norman Conquest, the local people resisted a lot and built a large number of castles.

Britain realized feudalism, produced princes and lords, and had professional administration and courtiers.

Magna Carta places royal power within a legal framework

Magna Carta is the first written constitution in British history.

In 1422, Henry V died of dysentery, and his son Henry VI ascended the throne at the age of 1 (less than)

King Charles VII of France and French hero Joan of Arc fought on behalf of France

French cannon defeated British longbow

The royal family is the Lancaster family, and there is also a York family, whose coat of arms happens to be a red rose and a white rose. A war broke out between these two royal families and lasted for 30 years.

The climax was the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, which ended with Yorkist Richard III dying in battle and being replaced on the throne by Tudor Henry VII.

The Tudor claim to the throne through their connections with the Lancastrians was far-fetched, but Henry VII benefited from the unpopularity of Richard III, who had been abandoned by many nobles at the time.

The marriage between the Tudor dynasty and Elizabeth of York, that is, by marrying Edward IV's daughter, Elizabeth of York, Henry VII laid a solid foundation for the legitimacy of the Tudor dynasty. In this way his Lancastrian lineage was closely linked to that of York.

The religious reform occurred under Henry VIII and broke with the pope. Henry VIII was outraged when the pope refused to grant him a divorce from his first wife, his brother's wife, Catherine of Aragon. Publicly rejected the papal jurisdiction and declared the independence of England's judicial power.

In 1533, Henry VIII secretly married Anne Boleyn. In the same year, she gave birth to Elizabeth I, who later succeeded the throne. Princess Mary was demoted to illegitimacy.

In 1540, he married Catherine Howard and executed Cromwell on the same day.

Henry VIII's only son, Edward VI, enters the stage of history. Further promoted the popularity of Protestantism in Britain.

Mary was known as "Bloody Mary." During her reign, nearly 300 Protestants were burned at the stake.

1558-1603, during the reign of Elizabeth I. The most important person who built Britain into an empire on which the sun never sets. "On Grand Strategy" specifically analyzes Elizabeth I: smart, calm, rational, humorous, and never married. The throne passed to James VI and I, son of Mary, Queen of Scots. Its name unites the thrones of Scotland and England, so Scotland and England will no longer be at war.

In 1588, the Spanish Armada launched an attack on England on behalf of Catholicism. In this attack, Britain won a great victory and established Britain's position in the world. The most important literary figure of this period was William Shakespeare.

Charles I was ignorant and ignorant. He destroyed the harmonious relationship between Scotland and England and offended a large number of nobles and Parliament.

In 1646, Cromwell led the parliamentary army to defeat Charles I In 1649, Charles I was executed. In 1653, Cromwell seized power and became Lord Protector. In 1657, hereditary status was established in a ceremony that included most of the procedures of the previous English monarchy.

It was the last successful invasion of England and the last coup in which a monarch was replaced. In 1689, William announced that the throne was vacant due to James's departure and abdication. The crisis he caused was resolved. William and Mary were declared co-monarchs. Only when both died, the throne would return to Mary's sister Anne. The Glorious Revolution led to the creation of Jacob's Down, named after the Latin for James. The significance of the "Glorious Revolution" is comparable to a totem, and it is an important origin of the difference between Britain and the European continent. In 1689, the Toleration Act brought religious tolerance. In 1694, the Triennial Act established regular elections. In 1695, the Licensing Act abolished pre-publication censorship. and a Britain of progressive intellectuals, especially John Locke and Isaac Newton. In 1701, Queen Anne died without an heir under the Act of Succession to the Throne. Her throne was succeeded by George, Elector of Hanover, who was a descendant of James I and the grandson of James I's daughter Elizabeth. The "Glorious Revolution" was not a coup, but the promulgation of a series of laws. Parliament passed rules that helped facilitate the growth of overseas trade, the expansion of transoceanic power, and the administration of new territories.

In 1759, the number of British patents increased significantly. The nobles are most enthusiastic about crop transformation. Whoever can introduce crops to the country is a hero. In 1840, the Penny Black stamp was issued, the first stamp in human history. Proving that the postal service was becoming even more important at the time. Marriage began to become common, and Dickens's Hard Times was written about this period. There was massive immigration. In 1776, the United States issued the Declaration of Independence. Adam Smith published The Wealth of Nations in 1776 In 1783, Britain lost the War of Independence. It was a very big setback in British history, leading to the birth and independence of the United States. 1793-1815, Napoleonic Wars.

George IV emancipated the Catholics. William IV is known as a true patriot monarch and an important emperor who made the British parliamentary system and prime ministerial system stable.

The niece of William IV and the second queen to ascend the throne unmarried, Queen Victoria, was only 18 years old. Queen Victoria married Prince Albert, who was instrumental in promoting modernity. In 1851, Prince Albert held the Exhibition of Industry of All Nations in Hyde Park.

The workers' movement started by British workers to get their due rights. This movement had a political platform - the "People's Charter", hence the name Chartism. From 1801 to 1911, London's population increased from more than 1 million to more than 7 million, becoming an international metropolis. From 1859 to 1875, London began to build a drainage system, including 82 miles of interceptor sewers. Concert halls and football clubs were established in large numbers The "Entertainment Places Law" was promulgated in 1859; the "Public Health Law" was promulgated in 1875; the "Education Law" was promulgated in 1870; the "Prison Law" was promulgated in 1877... During this period, the sense of deference gradually disappeared and was replaced by harsh attacks on the heirs of privilege. The goal of the Conservative Party changed from defending privilege to defending wealth.

From 1793 to 1815, he repeatedly won victories at sea during the war against France. In 1805, a naval battle between Britain and the combined fleets of France and Spain was held at Cape Trafalgar in Spain. The British army eventually won, and it was called the Battle of Trafalgar. Britain could launch amphibious waterborne assaults on colonial centers directly controlled by non-European powers, or it could accumulate wealth at the expense of non-European peoples.

1914-1918, World War I. The government took over several important industries such as railways, coal mines, and flour, and the people implemented rationing, and the status of women began to rise. The Labor Party began to join the cabinet. In 1926, there was a general strike in Britain. 1939-1945, World War II. In September 1939, Britain and Germany declared war. The main reasons why Britain was able to win World War II are: the first is the air force; the second is technology (radar); and the third is the Commonwealth countries.

After 1945, Britain faced tremendous environmental pressure. The first serious air pollution incident occurred in London in 1952, the London poisonous smog incident. Faced with: mad cow disease, foot and mouth disease. Massive immigration of Eastern Europeans. Divorce rates began to rise significantly.

The election saw Labor and the Conservatives taking turns in power. Mrs Thatcher successfully ran for office and became Prime Minister, also known as the Iron Lady. Mainly shattered the moral economy. Moral economy refers to an economic form in which market economic subjects consciously abide by ethical norms and use ethical values ​​to guide their economic behavior. The theme of business during this period is "convenience".

The 2011 London Riots. On August 4, 2011, Mark Duggan, a black male civilian, was shot dead by a Metropolitan Police officer in Tottenham, north London. People took to the streets to protest against police brutality, triggering riots.