MindMap Gallery Introduction to Brand Science
A brand is a symbol used to distinguish different products. In addition to the external symbol, the brand also has hidden meanings. When the intangible assets with hidden meanings accumulate to a certain extent, the brand becomes a famous brand.
Edited at 2023-12-12 16:04:24This Valentine's Day brand marketing handbook provides businesses with five practical models, covering everything from creating offline experiences to driving online engagement. Whether you're a shopping mall, restaurant, or online brand, you'll find a suitable strategy: each model includes clear objectives and industry-specific guidelines, helping brands transform traffic into real sales and lasting emotional connections during this romantic season.
This Valentine's Day map illustrates love through 30 romantic possibilities, from the vintage charm of "handwritten love letters" to the urban landscape of "rooftop sunsets," from the tactile experience of a "pottery workshop" to the leisurely moments of "wine tasting at a vineyard"—offering a unique sense of occasion for every couple. Whether it's cozy, experiential, or luxurious, love always finds the most fitting expression. May you all find the perfect atmosphere for your love story.
The ice hockey schedule for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, featuring preliminary rounds, quarterfinals, and medal matches for both men's and women's tournaments from February 5–22. All game times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (EST).
This Valentine's Day brand marketing handbook provides businesses with five practical models, covering everything from creating offline experiences to driving online engagement. Whether you're a shopping mall, restaurant, or online brand, you'll find a suitable strategy: each model includes clear objectives and industry-specific guidelines, helping brands transform traffic into real sales and lasting emotional connections during this romantic season.
This Valentine's Day map illustrates love through 30 romantic possibilities, from the vintage charm of "handwritten love letters" to the urban landscape of "rooftop sunsets," from the tactile experience of a "pottery workshop" to the leisurely moments of "wine tasting at a vineyard"—offering a unique sense of occasion for every couple. Whether it's cozy, experiential, or luxurious, love always finds the most fitting expression. May you all find the perfect atmosphere for your love story.
The ice hockey schedule for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, featuring preliminary rounds, quarterfinals, and medal matches for both men's and women's tournaments from February 5–22. All game times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (EST).
Brand Learning Tutorial
A brand overview
concept
A brand is a symbol used to distinguish different products. In addition to the external symbol, the brand also has hidden meanings. When the intangible assets with hidden meanings accumulate to a certain extent, the brand becomes a famous brand.
Brand Category
Use of brand
Effect on consumers
Identify product sources
mark of quality
Hold product manufacturers accountable
Reduce buying risk
Reduce search costs
Establish a contract with the product manufacturer
show yourself
Optimize selection
Effect on manufacturers
differentiate between competitors
Simplify tracking and identification
as a means of legal protection
sources of competitive advantage
Easy to introduce new products
Increase product added value
Give products special meaning
Brands and Famous Brands
High market share and high visibility
Brand development status
International brand development status
A few brands monopolize an industry
International brands are concentrated in a few developed countries
International brands have a high degree of internationalization
Obvious regional advantages
Accurate brand positioning
Consumers recognize international brands
Domestic brands
The development gap between domestic and foreign brands
product objective quality
National Image
Enterprise size
Creativity
Crisis handling capabilities
Brand Building
substance
Create famous brands, increase product market share, increase consumer loyalty, promote changes in consumer psychology, and accumulate brand equity
significance
from a national perspective
The level of national economic development is related to the number of famous brands
Famous brands are the passport for products to enter the world market
Famous brands are weapons to resist the impact of foreign products
From a business perspective
The competition between enterprises is a competition of brands
Famous brands can boost sales
Famous brands are the prerequisite for enterprises to extend their brands
Famous brands can help enhance the attractiveness of a company
Brand Equity
Brand equity research and traceability
What is brand equity
Features
Brand equity is an intangible thing
Brand equity is brought about by the brand name
The value of a brand to a company is generated through the impact of the brand on consumers
As an intangible objective existence, brand equity is attached to consumers rather than to products.
definition:
The so-called brand equity is consumers’ knowledge about the brand, which is the psychological fact that all marketing activities related to the brand have on consumers.
Brand equity changes with the market
Brand equity has both positive and negative equity
The maintenance or improvement of brand equity requires the support of marketing publicity or marketing activities.
Brand equity changes with consumers’ experience with the brand
Extension of brand equity
The composition of brand equity
Ike model
Brand loyalty, brand awareness, brand association, subjective quality, other rights and interests
Simon and Sullivan model (ss model)
Entry order, advertising share, brand awareness, brand association
interbrand model (IB model)
Leadership, Stability, Market Category, Global Potential, Brand Trends, Brand Support, Brand Protection
Motamendi and Sheroksi model (MS model)
S&S model
Kohler model
Cognitive model (Huang Heshui)
background
Fundamentals of psychological theory: spreading activation theory
The essence of cognitive models
Association between brand name and product category
Association between brand name and product evaluation
Association between brand name and related objects
How brand equity works
The role of brand awareness
The role of brand attitude
The role of brand association
The formation of brand equity
Brand naming is the prerequisite for the formation of brand assets
Marketing and communication activities are the guarantee for the formation of brand assets
Consumer product experience is the key to the formation of brand equity
Product experience strengthens or modifies associations established based on marketing communications
Product experience leads to the formation of some associations
Benefits from brand equity
Get more loyalists
Reduce the impact of competitor marketing campaigns
Reduce the impact of marketing crises
Reduce the negative impact of price changes on consumers
Get bigger profits
Obtain greater trade cooperation and support
Increase the effectiveness of marketing campaigns
Provide franchising opportunities
Increase opportunities for brand extension
brand awareness
Brand Awareness Overview
What is brand awareness
Brand awareness in a narrow sense refers to the strength of the two-way connection between the brand name and the product category in the consumer memory system.
Level or type of brand awareness
Establishing relationship between brand name and product category
Establishing relationship between product category and brand name
The role of brand awareness
Brand awareness is the basis for the formation of brand knowledge
Brand awareness prompts consumers to make favorable inferences
Brand awareness determines which brands consumers will consider when making purchases
Brand awareness influences which of the brands consumers choose to consider
Brand awareness is a clue to popular brands
Brand awareness affects product price added value
Measurement of brand awareness
Recognition measurement
recall test
familiarity test
Means to increase consumer brand awareness
Develop an effective brand identity system
Import CIS
Strengthen product display
Increase opportunities for consumers to use or trial
Increase advertising investment
Design and publish ads based on memory rules
Prominently display the brand name in media advertising
In advertising, the brand name is repeated as much as possible
Choose appropriate advertising methods that focus on promoting your brand name
A catchy slogan that includes the brand name
Associate the brand with an easy-to-extract clue
Use suspense advertising
different
Avoid posting with competitors’ ads
Brand association
What is brand association
Anything in memory that is associated with a brand. The collection of all associations about a brand in a consumer's memory is brand knowledge. Among various brand associations, some of them are organized in a certain way. These associations are called Brand
Types of brand associations and their effects
Product Category
company
price
product properties
quality
Serve
Services in the service industry itself
Product after-sales service
Benefit
Rational benefit: direct gain
Psychological benefits: psychological gains, symbolic consumption
Place of Origin: Cao County, Heze, Shandong Province 666
Channel: specialty stores and night markets
Packaging: Jiang Xiaobai Copywriter
spokesperson
advertise
manner
User: Mercedes Benz corresponds to capital, QQ corresponds to petty bourgeoisie
Usage scene: coffee, afternoon tea scene, etc.
subjective popularity
Brand history: time-honored brand
subjective popularity
Competing brands
reputation
other and so on
Characteristics of brand associations
The greater the number of brand associations, the richer the brand meaning.
Advantages of Lenovo:
Lenovo’s Uniqueness: National Liquor Moutai
Lenovo's direction
Brand to concept
concept to brand
strength of association
Wangzi and milk
brand abstraction
Creation and maintenance of brand associations
Creation of Lenovo
Choosing brand association is making positioning decisions
Self-analysis: Be consistent with brand attributes and brand recognition
Competitive Analysis: Shaping Differentiation
Target market analysis
A single association that provides a reason to buy: 7UP Non-Caffeine Drink
Association of added value: Elegant woman shows the elegance of BMW
How to create associations
Come up with a suggestive brand name: Colgate
Use advertising slogans
Use advertising statements: Our goal is: no cavities
Leverage the visual language of advertising: Marlboro cigarettes and Western cowboys are cool
Take advantage of promotions or sponsored events
Use packaging to build brand associations
Comprehensive various means, integrated marketing era
Lenovo maintenance
Keeping advertising campaigns consistent across time: PepsiCo brings joy home once a year
Maintain consistency across marketing plan elements: don’t be fickle
Measurement of brand associations
brand personality
Characteristics of brand personality
It originates from transferring the concept of personality in personality psychology to the marketing context, assuming that the brand is a person.
Dimensions of brand personality
Different cultures and industries have different dimensions of brand personality.
The role of brand personality
Effect on the enterprise
Create brand assets
create differentiation
Effect on individuals
self expression
Simplify buying
Factors influencing brand personality
Product related features: category, packaging, price, attributes
Non-product related characteristics: user image, sponsorship, age, identifying factors, advertising style, country of origin, etc.
Building brand personality
Spatial combination of marketing tools
subtopic
Brand Positioning
For details, see Introduction to Advertising and Psychology
subjective quality
Country of origin effect, brand effect, celebrity effect, symbol effect
Brand maintenance
Daily maintenance of brand
Brand risk and crisis management
Brand update
Brand evaluation
Brand diagnosis
Market share analysis
Brand loyalty analysis
Brand equity share analysis
Brand attitude, brand association, brand awareness
Marketing factor analysis
branding
communication goals
disseminate content
Brand identity elements: brand name, logo, symbols, symbols, colors and even slogans
Brand related information: brand personality, positioning, product functions, product quality, etc.
Propagation mode
VI
advertisement
public relationship
Promotions
interpersonal communication
broadcast strategy
message strategy
Single information or multiple information; positive information or negative information; advantageous information or non-advantageous information; one-sided evaluation or two-sided evaluation; rational appeal or emotional appeal
media strategy
brand identity
Brand naming
Brand naming method
Name: Ferrari; Place: Tsingtao Beer; Animal name: Mustang; Thing or object name: Apple Computer; Word name with inherent product meaning: Coca-Cola; Implying important attributes and benefits of the product: Colgate; Sounds like science, nature or The name of the prefix and suffix of reputation: rolex
Brand naming principles
Helps increase brand awareness
Simple, easy to pronounce, high familiarity, high meaning, high imagery, distinctive and distinctive
Conducive to forming brand associations
Reinforce product attributes or benefits
brand logo
Character packaging and slogans
color
branding strategy
concept
Branding is the process of designing a brand for a product and using it
branding strategy
General products and branded products
Manufacturer Brand vs. Distributor Brand
Individual brands and family brands
Procter & Gamble’s sub-brand strategy
Sony’s big brand strategy
Exclusive and co-branded
Joint Venture: Automotive Company
sub-brand
Nissan-Teana
brand architecture
a
Concept: Putting a brand name on a new product category or a new member of an original product category.
Series extension: Delicious & Dietary, Zero Degree
Category Extension: Yamaha Piano & Motorcycle
The purpose of corporate brand extension
As an important means to improve brand equity
Reduce the risks and costs of new product market introduction and reduce the cost of consumer information search
Brand extension helps get new products on shelves
The influence of parent brand on extended products: beneficial sales promotion
The impact of extension products on the parent brand: Strengthening
Conditions for successful brand extension
Parent brand factors, extended product factors, company factors, and the relationship between parent brand and extended products
brand alliance
What is brand alliance
Marketing cooperation between two or more brands, such as cross-border, bundled sales, and joint promotions
Brand co-operation: Sony Ericsson is Sony & Ericsson
What is the role of brand alliance?
Improve customers’ product and evaluation of the brand
Promote the accumulation of brand equity
Obtain greater market returns
Factors affecting the effectiveness of brand alliance
Initial attitude, familiarity, fit, product and quality factors
brand loyalty
concept
Brand loyalty is a measure of a customer's attachment to a certain brand, reflecting the likelihood that a customer will move from one brand to another, especially when product prices or features change; brand loyalty is linked to consumers' brand purchases, The increase or decrease in brand loyal consumers directly reflects the rise and fall of a brand.
Classification
Loyal attitude
Emotionally dependent on a brand, if you are a fan
behavioral loyalty
Repeated purchases of brands due to non-emotional reasons such as habit
Brand transfer: Brand transfer occurs when consumers are dissatisfied with a certain brand or are attracted by another brand and switch to buying or using another brand.
Factors affecting brand loyalty
product
time
area
number of competitors
consumer factors
Demographic characteristics: gender, income, age, cultural background, etc.
Cognitive factors:
Attitudinal factors: consumers’ brand satisfaction, brand trust, etc.
The role of brand loyalty
Reduce marketing costs
Promote sales
Attract new customers
Provide time for companies to react to competitive actions
Effect on consumers
Conducive to self-identity and self-image maintenance
Helps reduce purchasing risk
Helps reduce time pressure
Measurement of brand loyalty
Maintaining and promoting brand loyalty
Enhance brand value connotation
Emotionally: historical heritage, personality traits, personal connection, perceived value, cultural characteristics
Function: perceived subjective quality, functional benefits
Prioritized product experience
Benefit:
Create transfer costs: reward brand loyalists, etc.
Offer additional gifts or services
Build and maintain consumer attitudes toward the brand
Understanding Customer Satisfaction: Survey
Give consumers confidence support
Treat consumers right: pay attention to consumer feedback
brand attitude
concept
As the name suggests, it is a good or bad reaction to the brand
1. Brand attitude is learned, not innate
2. Brand attitude is directional
3. There are strong and weak differences in brand attitudes.
4. Brand attitude includes three components: cognition, emotion and intention.
effect
Influence consumers’ brand purchasing intentions and purchasing behavior
Influence brand communication effect
Influence consumers’ understanding of other aspects of the brand: Aiwujiwu
The formation and change mechanism of brand attitude
See Advertising Psychology for details
Ways to build and maintain good brand attitude
Product trials or promotions
Public relations: Readers trust reports more and the persuasion effect is ideal.
Let consumers fully understand the advantages, features and benefits of the product
Be careful to refute information that is detrimental to the brand
Influencing brand attitude through advertising attitude
Advertisements must be truthful and reliable
Advertising should have a human touch
Advertisements must be original
The visual effect of the advertisement is better
Advertising music is nice
Proper use of brand ambassadors
Combine branding with a good corporate image
Satisfy consumers
Measurement of brand attitude