User Observation: Observing and recording users’ behaviors and reactions when using the system to understand their needs and preferences. This can be done through field observation, video recording, etc.

User interviews: Communicate face-to-face with users, ask questions and record users’ needs, problems and suggestions. Different levels of demand information can be obtained through different types of interviews, such as structured, unstructured, and semi-structured interviews.

Stakeholder interviews: Communicate with system stakeholders (such as business managers, project managers, etc.) to understand their needs and expectations for system functions and features. These interviews can help determine the scope and goals of the system.

User operation records: record users’ operating steps and behaviors in the system to analyze their needs and usage habits. By analyzing user operation records, problems and bottlenecks in requirements can be discovered.

Behavior log analysis: Understand user preferences and needs by analyzing user behavior logs (such as clicks, browsing, search records, etc.). This can help designers optimize the user experience of the system.

Scenario simulation: Simulate users' behavior and needs in specific scenarios through scene restoration, role playing, etc. This can help designers better understand user needs and the application of the system in this scenario.

User testing: Put users in the system's usage environment, observe their behaviors and reactions, and test whether the system meets their needs, as well as the usability and ease of use of the system.

Construct a questionnaire: Design an appropriate questionnaire based on the goals and content of the needs analysis, including question types, option designs, logical relationships, etc. Questionnaires should be accurate, complete and reliable.

Distribute questionnaires: Distribute questionnaires to target users and stakeholders, which can be done face-to-face, online, email, etc. Ensure that the distribution and recycling process of questionnaires is efficient and traceable.

Analysis results: Statistics and analysis of questionnaire recycling results are performed to obtain user needs and attitude data. Statistical software can be used for data processing and visualization to discover trends and correlations in the questionnaire.

Data collection: Collect user behavior data, system logs and other related data for subsequent analysis. The selection and collection of data should match the goals and content of the needs analysis.

Data cleaning: Clean and preprocess the collected data to remove outliers and noise so that the data meets the requirements of analysis. Cleaned data should be accurate, complete and reliable.

Data analysis methods: Use appropriate statistical and analytical methods, such as cluster analysis, association rule mining, data visualization, etc., to discover user needs and characteristics from the data.

Product function analysis: Evaluate and compare the functions and features of competing products to understand their market competitiveness and user satisfaction. Through functional analysis of competing products, users’ needs and expectations for the product can be discovered.

User experience evaluation: Evaluate and compare the user experience of competing products to understand their ease of use and user satisfaction. User experience assessment can identify existing problems and improvement points in user needs.

Market research: Conduct comprehensive research on the target market and users to understand the market size, user characteristics, competition, etc. Market research data and information can be used to support decision-making and judgment in demand analysis.

Trend analysis: Understand changes in user needs and market development trends by analyzing industry and market trends. Trend analysis can help designers predict the development and changes of needs.