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Management 9 Strategic Management
Chongqing Public Institution Examination—Basic Knowledge of Management: Chapter 9 Strategic Management [Details]
Edited at 2021-10-22 18:02:23
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Management 9 Strategic Management
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Reproductive development of animals
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Chapter 9 Strategic Management
Strategic Management Overview
The meaning of strategic management
Proposal time, author and works
1976 Ansoff "From Strategic Planning to Strategic Management"
strategic management definition
The so-called strategic management refers to the formulation, implementation and evaluation of overall organizational goals, policies and plans that are guiding and programmatic During the activities, certain strategies, techniques and means are used to achieve the long-term goals of the organization. distant goal process.
The management process mainly includes five stages
Strategic Analysis
strategy formulation
strategic evaluation
strategy implementation
strategic control
elements of strategic management
strategic thinking
Strategic thinking refers to the basic ideas that guide the formulation and implementation of strategies and is the soul of the entire strategy.
Strategic objectives
Strategic goals are the core issue of strategic decision-making and the core issue of strategic management.
strategic focus
Strategic focus refers to the key parts, links and departments that have decisive significance and great influence on the realization of strategic goals.
strategic stage
Strategy stages refer to several stages divided into the strategy implementation process.
strategic countermeasures
Strategic countermeasures are important means and measures taken to achieve strategic ideas and strategic goals. Strategic countermeasures are foreseeable, targeted, multiple and flexible.
Characteristics of strategic management
Strategic management is a comprehensive management activity
Strategic management is a long-term management process
The traditional management cycle is generally 1-2 years
Modern management cycle is generally 3-5 years
It is not a static one-time event, but a management activity with no endpoint.
Strategic management is the science and art of decision-making
Scientifically reflect the objective laws of the management process
The art lies in applying practice and teaching students in accordance with local conditions and aptitude.
Science and art require high-level decision-makers to have not only professional capabilities but also innovation and adaptability.
Development Trends of Strategic Management
The evolution of strategic management
can be divided into three stages
The first stage is the long-term planning era
time
20C Early 50S-Early 60S
Management focus
Predictive environment
Make long-term plans
Assumptions
Features
cyclical
The second stage is the strategic planning era
time
20C early 60s-early 70s
Management focus
Adapt to environmental changes
Develop long-term development strategies
Assumptions
Features
cyclical
The third stage is the era of strategic management
time
20C70s early to present
Management focus
Adapt to and anticipate changes in the environment
Discover threats and opportunities
Pay equal attention to formulating and implementing strategies
Assumptions
Features
Cyclicity and maneuverability
traditional school of strategic management
Mintzberg divided strategic management into ten schools of thought
design school
andrews
Features: internal and external matching
planning school
Ansoff
Theory and practice are closely integrated
positioning school
Porter
The core of corporate strategy is competitive advantage
entrepreneurial school
Know the school
Simon
Different strategists differ greatly in their cognitive styles
learning school
Peter Senge
Understand and strategize during the learning process
school of power
cultural school
environmental school
structural school
Mintzberg
Comprehensive, trying to organically combine different schools of thought
From the nature point of view, it can be divided into three categories:
The first three schools are prescriptive and are concerned with how strategy should be articulated.
The next six schools consider specific aspects of the strategy formation process, focusing on describing the actual formulation and execution of strategy rather than on describing ideal strategic behavior.
The last school is a synthesis of the other schools.
organizational strategy
organizational strategic implications
meaning
Organizational strategy refers to the analysis of the external environment in order to achieve organizational goals. based on opportunities and threats, strengths and weaknesses of internal conditions The formulation involves market scope, growth direction, competitive advantages, etc. comprehensive action plan.
The realization of profit maximization must be based on the sustainable development of the organization foundation. Organizational strategic management is the lifeline of sustainable development of the organization. It is therefore necessary to maximize organizational benefits.
Components
strategic vision
organizational goals and objectives
Organizational goals refer to what an organization will achieve within a period of time in the future Goal, which is the action guideline for managers and all members of the organization South is the basic basis for organizational decision-making, efficiency evaluation, coordination and assessment. in accordance with.
Any organization is organized for a certain goal. Goals are the most important condition for a group to become an organization.
organizational resources
business
organize
organizational strategic leadership
top management
The strategic leadership of an organization is embodied in grasping and handling five types of relationships tie up
Unification of strategic goals and implementation capabilities
Matching external opportunities with internal capabilities
The interaction between immediate survival and future development
The connection between strategy formulation and strategy execution
Compatibility of strategic rigidity and strategic flexibility
levels of organizational strategy
Overall organizational strategy (top level)
Strategic Outline
Which businesses to choose and which fields to enter
Classification
growth strategy
Oriented by developing and strengthening enterprises
three basic types
integrated strategy
Intensive strategy/enhanced growth strategy
Strengthen the competitive position of existing products or services
Classification
market penetration strategy
“Stand your ground” and develop a single product
market development strategy
Existing products enter new markets
product development strategy
Develop new products for existing markets
Diversification Strategy
stable strategy
tight/contraction strategy
Strategies to downsize production or eliminate certain operations
Short-term strategies to weather the storm
Business unit strategy (second level)
Competitive Strategy/Business Strategy
Solve the problem of competitive means
More emphasis on “doing the right thing”
Functional level strategy (third level)
Business work and human resources management, improving efficiency issues
Think about “doing the right thing and doing it right”
Three major competitive strategies
Porter
Classification
Cost leadership strategy
Differentiation Strategy
Centralization strategy/target concentration strategy/target aggregation strategy/specialization strategy
strategic management process
Strategic Analysis
strategic environment analysis
Analysis of the organization's external environment
Analysis of the internal environment of the organization
Business growth stage analysis
Business history analysis
Enterprise status analysis
Strategic SWOT Analysis
Author and works
[US] Andrews "Concepts of Corporate Strategy"
content
SO strategy
It is a strategy that leverages the organization’s internal strengths and exploits external opportunities.
Applicable strategies
Growth/expansion strategy
WO strategy
The goal is to leverage external opportunities to compensate for internal weaknesses. The basis for using this strategy is that there are external opportunities for the organization, but there are internal weaknesses that hinder the realization of external opportunities.
Applicable strategies
turnaround strategy
ST strategy
Use strengths to avoid or mitigate the impact of external threats.
Applicable strategies
Diversification Strategy
WT strategy
It is a defensive strategy that avoids external threats while reducing internal vulnerabilities.
Applicable strategies
defensive strategy
boston matrix
Thin dog type
Low market share and low market growth rate
Applicable strategies
austerity
Problem/Toddler Type
Low market share and high market growth rate
Applicable strategies
(good) growth (bad) austerity
star type
High market share and high market growth rate
Invest a lot of money in packaging
Applicable strategies
increase
Taurus type
High market share and low market growth rate
Bring a lot of cash flow
Applicable strategies
stabilization strategy
PEST analysis
Study the macro environment
P Politics, E Environment, S Society, T Technology
strategy formulation
Contents of strategy formulation
status
It occupies a primary position in the entire strategic management process and is the starting point of strategic activities.
include
Determine the goals of the organization’s mission
Make strategic choices
General process for strategy formulation
1. Identify and evaluate the organization’s current strategy
2. Analyze the organization’s external environment and evaluate the organization’s own quality
3. Prepare strategic plan
4. Evaluate and compare strategic options
5. Determine strategic plan
strategy formulation methods
Involvement in strategic analysis and strategic selection based on different levels of management personnel Depending on the degree of work, the methods of strategy formation can be divided into four
top-down approach
bottom-up approach
top-bottom combination method
strategic group approach
strategic evaluation
General Principles of Strategic Evaluation
consistency principle
goals and capabilities
suitability principle
environment
validity principle
Information and data
principle of rationality
Limiting factors/feasibility analysis
The principle of attracting benefit stakeholders
Basic factors affecting strategic evaluation
Values and behavioral preferences of strategic evaluators
Tools and methods used by strategic evaluators
Information and materials held by strategic evaluators
Timeliness limitations of strategic evaluation
strategic evaluation process
1. Evaluate the adaptability of each plan to the external environment
2. Determine the requirements that each plan places on the organization
3. Analyze the consistency of each plan itself
4. Analyze the risks and difficulties of each plan
strategy implementation
Factors to consider during strategy implementation
structure follows strategy
"Strategy determines structure" - Chandler
acculturation strategy
resources around strategy
Types of strategy implementation
Command type
strategy formulation
transformational
implement strategy
cooperative
Inspire
cultural type
guide the general direction
growth
encourage
Coming up with strategy from the bottom up
Principles of strategy implementation
The principle of adhering to goals ≈ the principle of goal consistency
the principle of moderate rationality
The principle of unified leadership and unified command
contingency principle
strategic control
The concept and components of strategic control
concept
Strategic control is based on established goals and planned tasks, monitoring Supervise and inspect the implementation of strategic timing, discover deviations, and find out the root causes in order to better achieve the organization’s established goals and planned tasks. service.
Strategic control should include the following basic control elements
Establish standards
Measure effectiveness
correct deviation
Types and methods of strategic control
Types of strategic control
avoidance control
Eliminate conditions and opportunities for inappropriate behavior
Tracking control, also known as prior control
On-off control, also known as on-off control
Feedback control, also known as post hoc control
strategic control approach
prior control
ex post control
Control at any time, that is, process control
The role of strategic control
The control room for organizational strategy implementation and an important link in organizational strategic management It can ensure the effective implementation of organizational strategies.
The control ability and efficiency of organizational strategy implementation are strategic decisions. an important constraint on policy, which determines the strategic behavior of an organization The size of the ability.
principles of strategic control
ensure target principle
Moderate control principle
timely control principle
priority control principle
exception control principle
suitability principle
motivational principle
information feedback principle
strategic management issues
Strategic management has the following positive effects on organizations
Provide strategic development direction
Guide resource allocation priorities
Strengthen the organization's ability to adapt to the environment
Setting the standard for excellence
Provides a basis for control and evaluation
strategic management issues
Poor strategic awareness
Organizational structure lags
Strategy implementation rigidity
Missing evaluation mechanism
Lack of organizational strategic management capabilities
Strategic planning is divorced from reality
Ineffective implementation of organizational strategy
Improvements in strategic management
Establish organizational vision
Strengthen the concept of organizational strategic management
Improve organizational strategic management capabilities
Carry out publicity work on strategic management
Clarify the strategic focus of the organization
Ensure effective implementation of organizational strategies
maintain strategic control
Management English
Deming Circle PDCA
Performance Improvement Method DMAIC
Performance Improvement Strategy SMART
Strategic Analysis SWOT
Macro-Environmental Research PEST