MindMap Gallery Chapter 7 Technological Innovation Management
2023 Intermediate Economist Examination - Business Administration Chapter 7 Technological Innovation Management, the meaning of innovation: "Establishing a new production function", the purpose of which is to obtain potential profits.
Edited at 2023-10-20 14:51:52This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Chapter 7 Technological Innovation Management
Section 1 The meaning, classification and model of technological innovation
Innovation and technological innovation
The meaning of innovation: "Establishing a new production function" whose purpose is to obtain potential profits. The innovation portfolio includes the following five
Introducing new products, i.e. product innovation
Adopt new production methods, i.e. process innovation
Open up new markets, that is, market innovation
Obtain a new source of supply, that is, develop new resources
Implement new forms of enterprise organization, namely organizational management innovation
Characteristics of technological innovation: an economic behavior, a high-risk activity, time differences, positive externalities, integration and internationalization
Classification of technological innovation
Based on the object of technological innovation, technological innovation is divided into: product innovation and process innovation
Based on the technological innovation model, technological innovation is divided into: original innovation, integrated innovation and introduction, digestion, absorption and reinvention.
Based on the novelty of technological innovation, technological innovation is divided into: radical innovation and fundamental innovation
Processes and models of technological innovation: technology-driven innovation model, demand-pull innovation model, interaction innovation model, A-U process innovation model, system integration and network innovation model, national innovation system
Technology drives innovation model: basic research-applied research-research and development-manufacturing-marketing
Demand-pull innovation model: market demand-applied research-research and development-production and manufacturing-marketing and sales
Innovation model of interaction between technology and market: Technological innovation is caused by the interaction between technology and market
A-U process innovation model: unstable stage-transitional stage-stable stage
System integration and network innovation model: it represents the electronic and informatization process of innovation
National innovation system: refers to the network system composed of the public sector and the private sector. Strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in innovation
Section 2 Technological Innovation Strategy and Technological Innovation Decision Evaluation Method
Types of technological innovation strategies
According to the technological competitive position expected by the enterprise, it is divided into technology leading strategy ("leader", gaining larger market share and profits) and technology following strategy.
According to the behavior of the enterprise, it is divided into offensive strategy, defensive strategy and penetration strategy (also called guerrilla strategy).
According to the source of technology, it is divided into independent innovation strategy, imitation innovation strategy and cooperative innovation strategy.
Management of technological innovation strategy
The choice of technological innovation strategy: the main characteristics and key considerations that distinguish leading strategies from following strategies
Intellectual property management: Types of intellectual property rights applicable to the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights: Definition of intellectual property rights by the World Intellectual Property Organization: Intellectual property rights contents listed in the Civil Code
Forms of intellectual property protection: patents, trademarks, copyrights (copyrights), trade secrets
Copyright (copyright): 1. The author’s right of signature, right of modification, and protection of the complete protection period of the work is not limited. 2. The protection period of the remaining rights is the life of the author and 50 years after his death, ending on the 50th year after his death. December 31
Patent: The term is calculated from the date of application, 20 years for invention patents, 10 years for utility models, and 15 years for appearance designs.
Trademark: Valid for 10 years, starting from the date of registration approval. Application for renewal of registration should be made within 12 months before expiration, and the renewal period is valid for 10 years. If the above application fails, a 6-month extension will be given. If the extension is not renewed at the end of the extension period, it will be cancelled.
Evaluation methods for technological innovation decisions
Quantitative assessment methods: discounted cash flow method, risk analysis (sensitivity analysis, probability analysis)
Discounted cash flow method: Determine the choice of investment project by judging the positive and negative net present value of the project. If the net present value is greater than 0, the project is feasible, otherwise it is not feasible.
Risk Analysis
Sensitivity analysis: Assume three states about the possible outcomes of the project: 1, the most optimistic, 2, the most likely, 3, the most pessimistic
Probability analysis: Assuming that the net present value (NPV) is a random variable, the risk analysis of the project is carried out by calculating some of its statistical parameters.
Qualitative assessment methods: contour diagram method, checklist method, scoring method, dynamic ranked list method
Project Portfolio Assessment: Matrix Method, Project Map Method (Pearls, White Elephants, Oysters, Bread and Butter)
Matrix method: Analyze from the two dimensions of technology importance and technology relative competitive position. Steps: 1. Assess the company's technical strength, 2. Analyze technology portfolio, 3. Compare technology strategy and business strategy, 4. Determine technology project priorities.
Project map method: a common graph is the risk-benefit bubble chart (pearl-oyster-bread and butter-white elephant)
Evaluation methods of technology value: cost model, market simulation model, benefit model
Cost model: Technology price = [(material consumption in technology development, human consumption invested in technology development) * technology complexity coefficient]/(1-risk probability of research and development)
Market simulation model: Transaction price P=P0*a*b*c
Benefit model: Estimating the value of technology based on the economic benefits it produces
Section 3 Technological Innovation Organization and R&D Management
Internal organizational model of enterprise technological innovation
Intrapreneurs: Intrapreneurs’ activities are limited within the enterprise
Technology Innovation Group (temporary)
New Business Development Department (fixed organization)
Enterprise Technology Center (fixed organization)
External organizational model of enterprise technological innovation
Industry-university-research cooperation model
On-campus industry-university-research cooperation model: universities operate independently and are responsible for their own profits and losses
Two-way consortium cooperation model: combination of universities and off-campus enterprises
Multi-directional consortium cooperation model: a combination of technological achievements parties (universities), investors (financial institutions or individual investors) and production and operation enterprises
Intermediary coordination cooperation model: a cooperation model with intermediaries as the link
Business-Government Model: Understand the three models of business-government cooperation
The government bears most of the funds, and the innovation results belong to the government
The government invests, companies organize talents, and the developed technologies are sold to companies.
Government helps businesses raise funds
Enterprise alliance, also known as dynamic alliance or virtual enterprise
Star pattern: leader company
Parallel mode: no leader, no core
Federated Mode: Core Team
Corporate Research and Development Management
Main types of research and development:
1. Basic research: no specific application purpose or goal;
2. Applied research: has specific practical purposes or application goals;
3. Development research: applying the results of basic research and applied research
Enterprise R&D model:
1. Independent research and development: own investment, bear own risks, and enjoy exclusive results;
2. Cooperative R&D: joint development, establishing alliances, co-building institutions, and project cooperation;
3. Entrusted R&D: also called “R&D outsourcing”
Section 4 Enterprise Management Innovation
Management innovation related content
Characteristics of management innovation (5): basic, risky, all-employee, dynamic, systematic
The relationship between management innovation and technological innovation: interdependence and mutual restriction
Main subjects of management innovation: entrepreneurs, managers, employees
The motivations and main stages of management innovation
Internal and external motivations for management innovation
Internal motivation: self-worth realization, sense of responsibility, economic motivation
External factors: changes in social and cultural environment, economic development and changes, constraints of natural conditions, development of science and technology
Main stages of management innovation
Identify and define problems - seek innovative solutions - evaluate and decide on innovative solutions - implement and evaluate
Key areas of management innovation
Innovation in management concepts, innovation in management organization, innovation in management methods and methods, and innovation in management systems