MindMap Gallery Basics of Information Management
A knowledge map of the basics of information management, describing information and information management, information exchange, information distribution, information acquisition, information organization, information retrieval, information services, etc.
Edited at 2022-04-12 15:51:08This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Basics of Information Management
1.Information and information management
About information
concept of information
Hartley believed that the message sent by the sender was the specific way he chose the symbols among the communication symbols.
Shannon defined information as the reduction of random uncertainty, that is, information is something used to reduce random uncertainty.
Brillouin pointed out that information is negentropy
In the field of communications, information is viewed as a measure of order (or organization) and negentropy, something used to reduce uncertainty.
characteristics of information
(1) Universality and objectivity of information existence
(2) The extension and infinity of information generation
(3) Transmission of information in time and space
(4) The independence of information from material carriers
(5) The relativity of information to the cognitive subject
(6) Sharability of information to users
(7) The non-transformability and non-combinability of information
(8) Timeliness of information generation and utilization
Classification of information
According to the recording method of information, it can be divided into voice information, image information, text information, digital information and calculation information.
Data, information and knowledge in the information chain
Data is a physical symbol that loads or records information arranged and combined according to certain rules (the background is the recipient's information preparation for specific data)
Information is the content of the data load. For the same information, its data representation can be in various forms.
Knowledge is the correct conclusion obtained by the information recipient through the refining and reasoning of the information. It is the understanding and mastery of nature, human society, ways of thinking and movement laws, and it is the reintegration and systematization of the human brain through thinking. Collection of information.
Data Background=Information Information Experience=Knowledge
The key to converting information into knowledge lies in the ability of the information recipient to understand the information. The ability to understand information depends on the recipient's information and knowledge reserves. Data is the raw material of information, and information is the raw material of knowledge.
Informatization and information society
Information and matter and energy
The movement of material and energy flow also manifests as the flow of various other forms of material and energy, that is, the movement of corresponding documents, data and signals, which are aggregated into information flow. Information flow, like material energy flow, goes through the same stages and processes during its movement. Information flow reflects the movement of material energy flow. Society uses information to control the movement of material energy flow, influence their direction of movement, conduct scientific distribution, and implement effective management.
Material, energy and information are the three basic elements that govern the development of human society, and are also called the three pillar resources of contemporary society.
Informatization
Levels of social informatization: informatization of production tools, informatization of social production systems, and informatization of social life
information society
Compared with the previous social form, the information society has undergone a series of prominent changes, which are as follows: (1) Information, knowledge and intelligence are the decisive forces of social development (2) Information technology, information industry and information economy have become economic, scientific and technological and the dominant factor in social development (3) Information workers and the intellectual class will play a greater role (4) Due to the widespread application of information technology in material production, scientific research and education, medical care, business and government management, and families, it will have a greater impact on Economic and social development have had a huge and profound impact, fundamentally changing people's lifestyles, behaviors and values.
Information Management Overview
Concepts and objects of information management
Narrow concept: Information management is the management of information itself, that is, using various technical methods and means (such as classification, subject, code, computer processing, etc.) to organize, control, store, retrieve and plan information, etc., and guide it to the predetermined goal. Broad concept: Information management is not only the management of information, but also the reasonable organization and control of various elements involved in information activities (information, human, machine, etc.) to achieve the reasonable allocation of information and related resources. Thus effectively meeting the information requirements of society.
Objects of information management: information resources information activities
Information management goals and tasks
The overall goal: to ensure that social information flow flows in an orderly manner through different channels. The development and utilization of information are carried out in a coordinated and orderly manner under leadership and organized unified planning and management, so that all types of information can be more efficient and effective. , lower costs play a full role in the country's social progress and economic development and the improvement of people's material and cultural living standards. Sub-goals: (1) Information production and development sub-goals (2) Information utilization sub-goals (3) Information management mechanism sub-goals
Information management tasks include macro-level and micro-level
information management perspective
From technical, economic, administrative, legal and humanistic perspectives
Information Management Process: Information Lifecycle Management (ILM)
Information lifecycle management is a strategy that combines people, processes, and technology to effectively manage data and information.
The evolution and development of information management
traditional management stage
With information sources as the core and the library as the symbol, it also includes archive management and other document management.
Technical management stage
With the control of information flow as the core, computers as tools, and automated information processing and information system construction as the main work content.
resource management stage
knowledge management stage
Knowledge management was developed based on the inherent shortcomings of information management. It is an information management activity that emphasizes dealing with people. Its essence is to connect structured and unstructured information with the rules for people to use this information.
2. Information exchange
Basic concepts of information exchange
Classification of information exchange
natural information exchange
Non-living things - non-living information exchange
Biological-nonliving information exchange
Human-nature information exchange
Human-non-biological information exchange
Human-biological information exchange
Person-to-person information exchange
The meaning and characteristics of information exchange
Meaning: The process of transmission and exchange of information such as knowledge, news, data and facts between cognitive subjects (people or institutions and organizations composed of people) at different times or different spaces with the help of corresponding symbol systems.
The main function of synchronic information exchange or horizontal information exchange is to overcome the spatial barriers of communication and achieve timely information sharing; the main function of diachronic information exchange or vertical information exchange is to eliminate the time barriers of communication, fill the gap between the past and the present, and connect ancient times with each other. Connect with modern times and provide conditions for inheritance and development.
Characteristics: No matter what form of information exchange process, there must be an information transmitter and an information receiver; the information exchange process can be direct, such as simultaneous face-to-face communication, or indirect, such as non-simultaneous and non-face-to-face communication; Information exchange is essentially a one-way transmission; since information exchange stipulates that both parties to the exchange are people with cognitive abilities, then the source of information (for the information recipient) must be the information provided by other people's minds, not Information is obtained directly from natural or social observation; information exchange must also be the purposeful behavior of both parties. If one party is intentional, it does not belong to the information exchange behavior.
information exchange behavior
Conditions and elements for information exchange
Information sender, information receiver, communication channel, symbol system, knowledge information base, support conditions
information exchange model
Shannon-Weaver communication model
Lasswell’s “5W” model
Schramm model
Vickery's S-C-R model
A.H. Mikhailov's generalized scientific communication system model
information exchange mechanism
The formation of social information flow
Social information flow is a ubiquitous social information phenomenon. It is the flow process in which information is transferred from the producer S, through or without other social links, and finally to the user R.
Stack in information exchange and dissemination
The significance of information stack theory (1) traces the information source considered by users in the common sense to information producers, which helps us understand the functions of information systems and information institutions (2) helps us break through different disciplines (there are many The discipline studies the boundaries of information exchange and dissemination from different aspects, understands the basic mechanism of information exchange and dissemination in a general sense, and provides theoretical methods and support for information management.
Direct communication with social agents
information transfer model
Multi-directional active transmission, one-way active transmission, multi-directional passive transmission, single passive transmission
Network information exchange
The rise of online information exchange
Patterns and Characteristics of Network Information Exchange
The exchange of network information is divided into three stages: information generation stage, information exchange stage, and information reception stage.
Mobile information exchange
Scientific information exchange in network environment
Features: (1) The information process is condensed and integrated, functional role elements are downplayed, and the entire communication activity is dominated by information flow (2) The speed of information flow is accelerated and the flow is increased (3) The virtualization of information institutions (4) The number of information exchange methods increases, Improved status of informal information exchange
3. Information distribution
The Matthew Effect in Information Generation and Distribution
The manifestation and function of the Matthew effect
The Matthew Effect truly summarizes the inertia in human social life and describes the accumulation process of advantages and disadvantages: once there is an advantage, this advantageous situation will continue to strengthen; conversely, if there is a disadvantage, the disadvantageous conditions will continue. intensified.
The negative impact of the Matthew Effect
(1) Oversimplifying information management activities such as information selection, evaluation, and dissemination (2) The information distribution enrichment formed by the Matthew effect is sometimes only superficial and external (3) Ignoring the valuable distribution in other information sources (4) Information has excessive accumulation of advantages and is highly specialized, and the information it contains will become more and more monotonous. (5) The habitual force of favoring celebrities and rejecting newcomers limits the generation and dissemination of new ideas, new knowledge and new information.
Mathematical simulation of the Matthew effect
Discrete Distribution Law of Information Content
Bradford's Law
Zip's law
Content distribution of network information
Distribution rules of information producers
Lotka's law
Price's Law
Producer distribution of network information
The distribution of information over time
exponential growth rate
Gradual obsolescence rate
Network information time distribution
4. Information acquisition
The concept of information source
The basic attributes of information sources are: objectivity, activatability, and transmissibility.
The characteristics of information sources are: accumulation of information sources, complexity of information sources, reproducibility of information sources, and sharing of information sources.
Concept classification and characteristics of information sources
record information source
physical information source
intellectual information source
Zero information source
Evaluation of information quality
General dimensions and indicators for information quality evaluation
Based on information content: mainly involving the four characteristics of correctness, completeness, relevance, and novelty Based on information expression form: four basic evaluation indicators: accuracy, understandability, simplicity and standardization of information expression. Based on information resource systems: information availability, rapid response and reliability Based on the utility of information resources: the availability, appropriateness and value-addedness of information
Methods and Implementation of Information Quality Assessment
The significance of information quality evaluation: (1) helps to improve the utilization rate of information sources (2) promotes the improvement of the quality of information sources (3) can objectively reflect the social influence or academic influence of information sources (4) improves information resource management Efficiency (5) Purify the information environment
Access to information
Efficiency indicators for information acquisition
Principles of information collection
Information collection methods and approaches
Network information acquisition and utilization
Network information sources and their characteristics
Acquisition of network information
5. Information organization
Basic principles of information organization
The concept and content of information organization
Types of information organization
Principles of information organization
Theoretical Basis of Information Organization
Thoughts on information organization
taxonomy
subject matter approach
Classification—Theme Integration
Information description and disclosure
information indexing
Information description rules
metadata
Markup languages and related standards
network information organization
Characteristics of network information organization
Classification organization of network information
Thematic organization of network information
How network information is organized
Network information organization based on crowdsourcing
knowledge organization
The meaning and characteristics of knowledge organization
knowledge representation
Knowledge organization from a semantic perspective
6.Information retrieval
Basic concepts and principles of information retrieval
Information retrieval meaning
Types and Characteristics of Information Retrieval
Basic principles of information retrieval
information retrieval model
The development history of information retrieval
Manual information retrieval stage
Mechanical information retrieval stage
computer information retrieval stage
Network information retrieval stage
Information retrieval steps and strategies
Information retrieval steps
information retrieval strategies
information retrieval language
Evaluation of information retrieval efficiency
Network information retrieval
Characteristics of network information retrieval
Network information retrieval tool
Search engines and their applications
Important areas of network information retrieval
7Information Services
Content and methods of information services
The meaning and content of information services
Characteristics of information services
Information service selection
Types and methods of information services
The evolution and modern development of information services
The evolution of information services and its development trends
Network information services
Research on information users, their needs and behaviors
User information needs
User information behavior and its characteristics and rules
Information user research content
Information User Research Methods
Internet users’ information needs and behaviors
Internet users’ information needs
Information Behavior of Internet Users