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Enterprise information management system 00861
Adult self-study, Enterprise Information Management System 00861 Notes, ten chapters in total, including: Introduction to Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems and Information Technology, Development Methods of Management Information Systems, System Rules of Management Information Systems, System Implementation of Management Information Systems, etc. . Summarize the key points of each chapter.
Edited at 2020-12-07 20:06:09
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Enterprise information management system 00861
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
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- Reproductive development of animals
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Enterprise information management system 00861
Chapter 1 Introduction to Management Information Systems
Section 1 Basic Concepts of Management Information Systems
Data and information
data
An unprocessed fact or description of a specific phenomenon is a set of identifiable symbols recorded by people reflecting the objective world. It can be letters, numbers, images, sounds or other symbols.
information
Processed data
Reflection on objective things
A common form that represents a state of affairs
elements of information
Source
Shinjuku
channel
medium
Three Pillars of the Information Society
information
energy
substance
The difference and connection between data and information
Data and information are both different and related
Data are symbols recorded that reflect objective things
Information is the result of processing and refining relevant data.
Not all data can be converted into information
systems, management information, management information systems
system
system concept
An organic whole with specific functions formed by a number of interrelated and mutually restricting factors.
Three conditions that make up a system
has more than two components
Two or more components are interconnected and restrict each other
The whole is an organic whole with specific functions
Systematic classification
natural system
artificial system
composite system
elements of the system
enter
control
deal with
feedback
output
system characteristics
Wholeness
A system is a collection of interconnected individuals
Purpose
Systems can be studied, optimized and exploited
Hierarchy
The transmission path of related information between the system and the individuals of the system is hierarchical.
environmental adaptability
The system evolves over time
MIS
definition
(People use computer technology to process information flow and provide enterprises with information processing systems for decision-making.) Management information system includes three major elements: people, computer technology, and information flow. It collects, stores, processes, transmits, updates, and maintains information with the help of computer technology. It is an information processing that provides decision support for enterprise organizations by processing information flow. system.
Features
Wholeness
Human-machine integration system
Purpose
Integrate advanced management methods into it
Hierarchy
Effective and comprehensive management of the entire supply chain of the enterprise
environmental adaptability
Effective and comprehensive management of the entire supply chain of the enterprise
The ultimate goal is to provide services for decision-making
Section 2 Structure and Types of Management Information Systems
Management Information System Structure
conceptual structure
Information Source
Where the original information originated
information processor
Process the original information and transform it into the required information, and finally deliver it to the information users
information user
The home of information and its application to make decisions
information manager
Design and maintain management information systems
Hierarchy
top management
strategic planning level
Strategic information management subsystem
middle management
management planning layer
management control subsystem
Grassroots management
operational control layer
Operation layer subsystem
Types of Management Information Systems
Classification of management information systems based on service objects
national economic information system
Enterprise Management Information System
The most complex management information system for the collection, processing, storage and utilization of management information for large, medium and small enterprises, such as manufacturing and construction enterprises.
transactional management information system
Administrative agency management information system
Industry-specific management information systems
Section 3 Development Stages of Management Information Systems
Three stages of development of management information systems
business-oriented information systems
Single data processing stage
Comprehensive data processing stage
management-oriented information system
System flag
There is a central database and computer network system
Processing method
Implement distributed processing in databases and networks
decision-oriented information system
Chapter 2 Management Information Systems and Information Technology
Section 1 Computer System Basics
The development history of computer systems
First generation tube digital computer
1945-1955
Second generation transistor digital computer
1955-1965
Third generation integrated circuit digital computer
1965-1980
Fourth generation large scale integrated circuit computer
1980-present
Information encoding for computer systems
Binary has only two states: 0 and 1
Binary number operation rules are simple
Binary numbers and decimal numbers are easily converted
Computer system hardware and working principles
five parts
CPU
operator
controller
memory
internal memory
RAM random access memory
ROM read only memory
external memory
harddisk
CD
U disk
Input devices and output devices
computer software system
system software
It consists of a set of programs that control a computer system and manage its resources, and provide support and services for application software. Its main functions include starting the computer, storing, loading and executing application programs, sorting and retrieving files, and translating program languages into Machine language, etc.
Features
Versatility
basic
Section 2 Computer Communications and Networks
The history and development of network systems
The evolution of computer networks
1950s
The birth of the Internet
1960s
ARPAnet
1970s
open standardized network
1990s
Internet era
Computer network concepts and classifications
concept
Computer network is a system in which communication media connects computers and other network devices distributed in different geographical locations to achieve information exchange and resource sharing.
Classification
transfer method
direct
indirect
Communication coverage breadth
local area network
metropolitan area network
Wan
Computer network system composition and functions
composition
Network Systems
Hardware system
server
workstation
adapter
cable fiber optic
Software system
operating system
Network protocol
Network software system
Network Operating System (NOS)
Network protocol
Functions and Applications of Computer Networks
The main function
data communication
Resource Sharing
Distributed processing
Improve compatibility and security
Section 3 Data Resource Management Technology
data organization
data structure
logical structure
linear structure
nonlinear structure
physical structure
sequential storage
Linked storage
Index storage
Hash storage
File organization
document
A collection of similar records (transcripts) formed for a specific purpose
sequence file
index file
linked list file
inverted file
Record
The smallest unit that can be accessed in a file, which consists of data items related to a certain object of data processing (Zhang San)
data item
The smallest unit that can be used in the files that make up the data system. Its function is to describe certain attributes of a data processing object (scores in various subjects).
Database Technology
database
A more advanced way of organizing data than a file system
database management system
Database development
Database query
database maintenance
Database Design
User needs analysis
conceptual structural design
Logical structure design
physical structure design
entity relationship model
Reflects things in the real world and their interconnections
entity
The concept of describing objective things in the conceptual world
connect
The information world must reflect the connections between things in the real world.
Attributes
a characteristic of an entity
data model
Data description of objective things and their relationships
hierarchical model
mesh model
relational model
Chapter 3 Management Information Systems and Organization, Management and Strategy
Section 1 Management Information Systems and Organization
meaning of organization
A stable, formal social structure that is created by accepting resources from the surrounding environment and processing them
Information systems impact organizations
economic aspect
microeconomic theory
Information system technology can serve as a factor of production
switching cost theory
decision control theory
Reduce the cost for decision makers to obtain information
Behavioral aspects
Eliminate intermediate management media and significantly reduce costs
Work is no longer about location
So information systems are linked to organizational politics and organizational culture
Section 2 Management Information Systems and Management
Information system’s support for enterprise management
Support for planning functions
Support for organizational functions
Support for leadership functions
Support for control functions
Basic principles of information resource management
information manager culture
Focus on management factors in information systems
Work together to receive information effectively to avoid being overly digital and structured
Section 3 Information Systems and Decision-making
decision making concept
In order to solve problems that arise in reality, a method and approach to achieve a specific goal
Three elements of decision-making
decision maker
Decision object
decision environment
type of decision
organizational level
Strategic Decision
management decisions
business decisions
degree of structure
structured decision problems
unstructured decision problems
semi-structured decision problem
Section 4 Management Information Systems and Competitive Strategies
Enterprise informatization
In order to improve the economic benefits and market competitiveness of the enterprise, enterprises use modern information technology to rationally allocate enterprise resources through in-depth development and extensive utilization of information resources, and continuously improve the efficiency and efficiency of enterprise decision-making, production, operation, and management. horizontal process.
In order to achieve competitiveness and efficiency, use information technology to rationally allocate resources and improve management levels.
Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
To significantly improve key performance indicators, fundamentally rethink and reinvent business processes from receiving raw materials to delivering products to customers.
Continuous Improvement (BPI)
Chapter 4 Development Methods of Management Information Systems
Section 1 Overview
Development Principles of Management Information Systems
Innovation principles
system principles
development principles
economic principles
normative principles
humanistic principles
Development strategies for management information systems
bottom up
Meet the specific needs of a department without developing a master plan
top down
Comprehensive to local, long-term to short-term, top to bottom
Structural system of management information system development methods
Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE)
Software Development Environment (SDE)
Software Engineering Environment (SEE)
Integrated Project/Program Support Environment (IPSE)
Section 2 Main methods of management information system development
Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methods (SSA&D)
Basic idea
The structured life cycle method is a process of establishing computer information systems through top-down analysis and design and bottom-up implementation. It is a basic framework for organizing, managing and controlling the development process of information systems.
Development process (planning analysis, design implementation, operation and maintenance)
system planning stage
system analysis stage
system design stage
System implementation stage
System operation and maintenance phase
Advantages and Disadvantages
advantage
Complete it in stages and tasks, and verify each other
From abstract to concrete, gradually seeking refinement
Analysis and design process improvement
Set up checkpoints at each stage to ensure quality
shortcoming
Need to pre-define requirements
Unable to complete the transition from system analysis to system design well
The writing of this method document is extremely labor intensive
prototype method
Basic idea
In the early stages of system development, system developers quickly construct an initial prototype of the system based on an in-depth understanding of user needs and the requirements of the system's main functions, and with the support of a strong software environment, and then work with users to continuously modify and improve the prototype. , until user needs are met.
Advantages and Disadvantages
advantage
Better meet user needs
Improved communication between users and developers
Improve user satisfaction and be closer to reality
Reduce development risks and reduce development costs
shortcoming
High requirements for development tools
Complex systems and large-scale systems are more difficult to develop
High requirements for user management level
object-oriented approach
Basic idea
Packaging data and processes into objects, analyzing and designing the system based on objects, and providing a new way of thinking and method for understanding things. It is a comprehensive development method.
kind
A collection of objects with the same properties and services, which consists of two main parts: properties and services
object
An entity used to describe objective facts in the system. It is a basic unit that constitutes the system.
development process
Debug and analyze system requirements (determine goals)
Analyze problems and ask questions (establish objects)
Organize problems and design solutions (determine solutions)
Implementing programs and developing software (program development)
The development process of object-oriented methods
Features
Directly reflects people’s cognitive model of the objective world
Easy to communicate with users in design
Abstraction: abstract essence, characteristics, concepts from entities, and define "classes"
Encapsulation: forms the basis of object-oriented methods
Inheritance: Subclasses automatically inherit the properties and methods of the parent class
Computer Aided Software Engineering Methods (CASE)
An automated or semi-automated approach that fully supports every development step except system investigation. It transforms the development process that was originally done manually into an automated development process supported by automated tools and supporting environments.
Section 3 Development Trends of Management Information System Development Methods
Unified Modeling Language (UML)
The third generation modeling language is used to describe, visualize and document object-oriented system development. It is not a visual programming language, but a visual modeling language and a standard for representation.
Unified Software Development Process (RUP)
ROSE tools
Chapter 5 System Planning of Management Information System
Section 1 Overview of Management Information System Planning
The role of management information system planning
Prerequisites for system development work
Guarantee of successful system development
system development standards
System development direction
The basis for scientific and standardized management
Premise guarantee, standard direction, normative basis
Tasks and characteristics of management information systems
Main tasks of system planning
Specify information system goals and development strategies
Conduct feasibility analysis
Develop an overall plan for information systems and arrange project development plans
Develop resource allocation plans for system construction
Features
Globality
high level
instructive
Systematic
independence
Economical
Section 2 Stage Model of Information System Development
Main contents of Nolan model
First installation (bought my first computer)
Spread (multiple departments, initial results)
Control (control spread, expansion, disorder)
Integration (data sharing, system integration)
Data management
Mature
Inspiration from Nolan’s stage model
The development of information system construction is a wave-like process, which is not achieved overnight, but should follow certain objective laws.
Each stage of information system development cannot be overcome, but we can compress the time of the spread and control stages as much as possible, plan and transform it, make it move in the right direction, and promote its development from the bottom to the top.
We should learn from the experiences and lessons of other countries, avoid blind obedience, avoid detours, and plan a practical information system construction plan based on the actual situation.
Six growth factors in the development of information systems
computer hardware resources
Application method
planning control
position in organization
leadership model
User awareness
Section 3 Steps of Management Information System Planning
Section 4 Main methods of strategic planning of management information systems
main method
Critical Success Factors Method (CSF)
Basic idea
In the current system, there are always multiple variables that affect the realization of system goals, and several of them are critical and major.
Strategic Goal Set Transformation (SST)
Basic idea
Think of the entire strategic goal as an "information collection", consisting of mission, goals, strategies, etc. The planning process of the management information system is the process of transforming the strategic goals of the organization into the strategic goals of the management information system.
Work steps
Identify the strategic set of business organizations
Transform the business organization's strategy set into the management information system's strategy set
Enterprise Systems Planning Method
Basic idea
It is a strategic planning method that starts from the enterprise goals and gradually transforms the enterprise goals into the goals and structure of the management information system to better support the realization of the enterprise goals.
effect
Determine the overall structure of the future information system, clarify the subsystem composition of the system and the order of development of subsystems
Carry out unified planning, management and control of data, clarify the data exchange relationship between subsystems, and ensure the consistency of information.
Determine the overall structure and development sequence, and unify planning data
Preparation Phase
Confirm the project
Preliminary investigation
Theoretical propaganda
system analysis stage
Define business process
Define data classes
Analyze current system
Determine management's needs for new systems
system design stage
Define the overall structure of the system and determine the development priorities of subsystems, which is actually dividing subsystems
Functional/data analysis method, implemented through U/C matrix
U/C matrix
Two-dimensional matrix, U (use) stands for "use", C (Create) stands for "create"
step
Create U/C matrix
Fill in U or C
correctness check
Solving the U/C matrix
Divide logical function modules
Data resource distribution
The main function
Detect omissions and errors promptly
Analyze data for correctness and completeness
Solving process divided into subsystems
Determine shared data between subsystems
Return on Investment (ROI)
Levy Act
Business Information Analysis and Integration Technology (BIAIT)
Section 5 Organization and Management of Management Information System Planning
First-in-command principle
Grasp the planning direction
Resolve disputes and issues that arise during planning
Organizational adjustments
Development efficiency
Development priorities and development budget
Directly involved in management
Section 6 Feasibility Analysis
The purpose and tasks of feasibility analysis
It refers to analyzing whether the development work of investment projects has the necessary resources and other conditions under the current specific environment and existing conditions inside and outside the organization.
Preliminary investigation of the system
investigate subject
Basic information about the system
Overview of information processing in the system
System resources
Attitudes of various types of system personnel toward information systems
content
economic feasibility
Evaluate the economic benefits of the project, the expenses incurred and the benefits obtained
technical feasibility
The level of developers and whether the hardware and software technology can meet the requirements of users
management feasibility
Managers' attitudes toward developing information systems and management fundamentals
in conclusion
Conditions are met and can be developed immediately
The time is not yet ripe and additional resources are needed for development
Development needs to be postponed until certain conditions are met
The goal is too low or too high and some modification of the goal is required before development can proceed
Development is not possible or necessary
Chapter 10 Application and Development of Management Information Systems
Section 1 Office Automation System
Office automation concept
A comprehensive technology that materializes office business activities into various equipment other than people, and consists of equipment and various office personnel to form a human-machine information system that serves a certain goal.
Development stages of office automation
The first stage
Features
For office management and transaction staff
Based on traditional relational database
Only limited to the calculation and statistics of internal data of a certain unit
insufficient
PCs are overburdened and overpriced
Poor versatility, low reusability, no communication and collaborative work capabilities, and inability to establish a unified integrated office platform
The system has poor adaptability and can only process information according to the ideas, processes and functions determined during development.
Information management is limited to within the unit, with no or lack of external information sources
second stage
Centered on the network, the information flow (or workflow) of uninstitutionalized data is the main storage and processing object.
It is conducive to the establishment of a basic communication platform within the industry, which not only improves office efficiency, reduces wrangling and internal friction, and strengthens the security of the system
The third phase
Integrating knowledge management into business process reengineering
Establish a learning mechanism
Transform corporate culture
Build a decision analysis model
Section 2 Enterprise Resource Planning System
Overview
Based on information technology and with systematic management ideas, it provides a management platform for decision-making and operation means for corporate decision-makers and employees.
definition
management thought
Software Products
management system
development stage
Management information system system stage
Manufacturing resource planning stage
Manufacturing Resource Planning Phase II
Enterprise resource planning stage
Enterprise Resource Planning in the E-Commerce Era
functional module
Financial management module
Accounting
Financial Management
Production control management module
Human resources management module
Section 3 Decision Support System
Overview
A computer application system that assists decision-makers in making semi-structured or unstructured decisions through human-computer interaction through data, models and knowledge.
Three-part structure
data part
model parts
dialog widget
four systems
Data management subsystem
Model management subsystem
Knowledge management subsystem
Dialogue subsystem
database
Overview
A subject-oriented, integrated, non-updatable, and time-changing data collection used to better support the decision-making and analysis of an enterprise or organization.
Four basic characteristics
Topic oriented
Data is integrated
Data is not updatable
constantly changing over time
Main technique
online analytical processing
data mining
Overview
An advanced processing process that extracts credible, novel, effective and understandable potential patterns, rules or trends from large amounts of data.
category
Correlation Analysis
sequence pattern analysis
Classification analysis
Cluster analysis
Decision Support Systems
group decision support system
Intelligent decision support system
3I decision support system (human-computer interaction system)
Section 4 E-commerce System
trading model
B2C
Business and Consumer
B2B
Enterprises and Enterprises
C2C
consumers and consumers
pay online
Monetary payments or fund transfers conducted digitally
feature
technological advancement
Quick and easy to use
Universality
Section 5 E-Government
Overview
Government departments use information technology to transform the relationship between government and citizens, businesses and other government departments
type
G2G
between government departments
G2B
Government and business
G2C
government and public
G2E
government and employees
Chapter 9 Operation, Maintenance and Management of Management Information Systems
Section 1 Overview
Section 2 System Operation Management
Target
Control the operation of the information system in real time, record its operating status, and make necessary modifications and expansions so that the information system truly meets the needs of management decision-making and serves management decision-makers.
Information system operation management content
Data management
System security management
Operation status management
management awareness
Section 3 System Maintenance
meaning
In order to eliminate faults and errors that occur during system operation, software and hardware maintenance personnel must make necessary modifications and improvements to the system; in order to adapt the system to changes in the user environment and meet new demands, some partial modifications to the original system must also be made. Updates, these tasks become system maintenance
In order to resolve glitches and errors, modifications and improvements are needed
In order to meet the changing and new requirements, partial updates are needed
reason
System environment changes
Hidden errors in the system itself
Increased demand for system functionality
Maintainability
The degree to which maintenance personnel understand, correct, change and improve the software is called the maintainability of the system. Improving the maintainability of the software system is one of the main goals of all steps in developing management information systems.
understandability
modifiability
Testability
Software documentation
portability
efficiency
usability
content
program maintenance
data maintenance
Code maintenance
Hardware equipment maintenance
Changes in organization and personnel
type
Supportive maintenance
preventive maintenance
corrective maintenance
adaptive maintenance
Perfect maintenance
Section 4 System Evaluation
Purpose
Estimate the system's technical capabilities, operating performance, and system utilization
System construction
System performance
system benefits
Economic benefits
direct economic benefits
indirect economic benefits
social benefit
Chapter 8 System Implementation of Management Information System
Section 1 Purchase and install physical systems according to the overall design plan
Main tasks in the system implementation phase
Overview
The results of the system design phase are implemented on the computer, and the original new system solution on paper, similar to the design diagram, is converted into an actual executable software system.
Procurement and installation of physical systems according to overall design plan
Build database system
programming
System test
Organize basic data
staff training
System switching
Computer system installation and debugging
Hardware equipment and software systems
Computer brand selection
Basic principles of computer purchasing
Things to consider when purchasing a computer
Cost-effectiveness, scalability, after-sales service and technical support
Computer environment requirements
The computer room is equipped with double-glazed doors and windows to create a dust-free environment.
Cable routing is placed under a raised floor that prevents static induction and is voltage-resistant.
Install backup power equipment
Equipped with necessary lightning protection facilities
Communication network environment
computer network
A computer system that connects multiple computer peripherals with independent functions in different geographical locations through communication lines, and realizes resource sharing and information transmission under the management and coordination of network operating systems, network management software and network communication protocols.
Commonly used communication links in management information systems
twisted pair
coaxial cable
optical fiber
advantage
Wide transmission frequency and large communication capacity
Low line loss and long transmission distance
Strong anti-interference ability and wide application range
microwave
Satellite Communications
Section 2 Establishing a database system
1~2 data administrators can build a large database structure in one day, not including input data
Section 3 Programming
basic requirements
reliability
readability
efficiency
Maintainability
reusability
Practicality
software tools
Programming language tools
C, C, COBOL, LISP, PROLOG
Database system tools
XBASE series, Oracle system, Sybase system, SQLServer system
program generation tools
FoxPro, Visual Basic, Visual C
Dedicated system generation tools
SQL for query module, SDK for data processing module
C/S tool
Excel, PowerPoint, Word
object-oriented programming tools
Java, Visual C, Visual Basic
Section 4 System Test
significance
Indispensable, key step to ensure system quality
Purpose
Find errors and correct them promptly
Implementation process
unit test
Take the module as a unit to test the correctness of each module
Integration Testing
Assemble tested modules and test whether the interfaces between modules are correct
Confirmation test
Whether it meets the user’s functional, performance and restriction requirements
System test
The entire product system is tested to find out any inconsistencies or contradictions with the required specifications.
Installation test
Test in user environment to confirm whether acceptance criteria are met
System testing methods
System test
Module testing
Subsystem testing
System test
Module testing
Manual testing
personal review
Team review
joint hearing
Machine testing
Section 5: Organize basic data
Section 6 Personnel Training
Section 7 System Switching
Overview
The process of transitioning from the original system operating mode to the newly developed management information system is the conversion between the old and new systems.
Work content
Preparation of basic data and completion of necessary conversion of old system files to new system files
Transformation and adjustment of personnel, equipment and organizational structure
Transfer system-related information to users and transfer control of the system
Assist users in actually using the new system
System switching method
data preparation
System document preparation
System switching method
Switch directly
Parallel switching
segment switching
Issues needing attention when switching systems
Issues to note when switching systems
Documents must be complete
Prevent data loss
Enter desired time
Local problem, normal phenomenon
Carry out personnel training
Chapter 7 System Design of Management Information System
Section 1 System Design Overview
System design goals
Make the designed system meet the functional requirements of the system logic model, and at the same time improve the performance of the system as much as possible.
efficiency
quality
flexible
reliable
Universal
economy
System design steps and tasks
Overall design stage
System platform design
molecular system
Functional structure diagram design
Process flow chart design
Data file structure design and database design
Detailed design stage
code design
Database Design
user interface design
Write program module design instructions
Write system description
structured system design approach
Basic idea
Adopt the "top-down, step-by-step refinement" programming method and the "single entry, single exit" control structure
Section 2 Overall System Design
System platform design
System architecture design
Client/Server (C/S) structure
thin server
thick client
Browser/server (B/S) structure
advantage
High flexibility and ease of use
The client only needs to install the browser and the operation is simple
Can be well integrated with the database through public interfaces
Especially suitable for publishing information to meet the needs of people at all levels
System upgrade is easy
Low maintenance cost
limitation
Not conducive to processing large amounts of data
Not stable
Lacking in speed and efficiency
Communication reliability is relatively poor
There are network data security issues
Selection and design of data processing methods
Data processing methods
centralized
distributed
collaborative
Hardware platform selection and design
Software platform selection and design
System function module design
Modules and Modularization
module
A set of program statements (subroutine or function)
coupling and cohesion
coupling
The degree of connection between modules
data coupling
tag coupling
control coupling
content coupling
cohesion
The degree of connection between the elements within the module
accidental cohesion
logical cohesion
temporal cohesion (instantaneous cohesion)
process cohesion
communication cohesion
sequential cohesion
Functional cohesion
The tighter the connections within a module, the better, and the fewer connections between modules, the better. Improve cohesion and reduce coupling
System depth and breadth
depth
Number of control layers in the system structure
Breadth
The maximum value of the total number of modules at the same level
Module fan-out
The number of modules directly below the module
Fan-in of modules
How many superior modules call it
System processing flow design
System flow chart
A traditional tool used to describe the physical model of a system
symbol
Section 3 Code Design
code
Symbols that represent objective entities, attributes, states, etc. The symbols of the code can be numbers, letters, or a mixture of numbers and letters.
in principle
Systematic
uniqueness
standardization
normative
Scalability
effectiveness
Maintainability
Simplicity
category
digital code
character code
mixed code
Code verification
Check Digit
Transcription error
translocation error
double translocation error
random errors
Check code design example
Section 4 Database Design
Database design concepts
According to business needs, information needs and processing needs, determine the overall organizational form of data in the information system, the form of tables or files, and determine a series of issues such as the structure, category, carrier, organization method, and confidentiality level of data.
Document design
According to the file usage requirements, processing methods, storage capacity, data activity and hardware device conditions, reasonably determine the file category, select the file medium, and decide the file organization method and access method.
Database design steps
demand analysis
conceptual structural design
Logical structure design
physical structure design
Database implementation
Operation and Maintenance
Requirement concept, logic and physics, implementation and operation and maintenance
Normalized form of data organization
first normal form
second normal form
third normal form
Normalization theory aims to study the relationship between attributes in the relational model
Section 5 User Interface Design
Output design principles
readability
Adaptability
Scalability
compatibility
consistency
Enter design
keyboard input
Analog/digital (A/D)
Digital/analog (D/A) input
Barcode input
scanner input
sensor input
Human-computer interface design
menu style
form filling
Q&A and prompt methods and permission management
Section 6 Module Function and Process Design
HIPO diagram
Overview
A tool based on the hierarchical structure diagram to describe the system structure and internal processing functions of the module
Input (I)
Process(P)
Enter (O)
Section 7 System Design Instructions
The role of system design specifications
The main outcome of the system design phase is the physical model of the new system, which is also an important basis for system implementation.
Detailed design specifications can also be called system design reports or program design specifications.
Chapter 6 System Analysis of Management Information System
Section 1 Overview of System Analysis
Purpose
Identify user needs and identify solutions
Developer knowledge about existing organizational management
User needs for information system functions
Data and business processes
Management functions and management data indicator system
Planned changes to the new system and new management models, etc.
Understand requirements, process indicators, and new models
The main tasks of system analysis
Determine system goals
Detailed survey of current systems
User needs analysis
Organizational structure and business process analysis
Data flow analysis
Establish a logical model of the new system
Write a system analysis report (results and summary of the analysis phase)
Target survey, demand business, data model, analysis report
Commonly used system analysis methods
Structured Analysis Method (SA)
According to the principle of user first, structured, modular and top-down
Features
Emphasis on active user participation from beginning to end
Emphasis on system adaptability
Pay attention to overall analysis and layer-by-layer implementation
Pay attention to the standardization and documentation of working documents
Jackson system development method oriented to data structure
prototype method
Section 2 User demand analysis and detailed investigation
Principles of systematic detailed investigation
authenticity
Systematic
Standardize
Comprehensive and focused
communicative
Detailed investigation contents
Organization structure and job responsibilities
Organizational goals and development strategies
Business Process
Basic data and data processes
Management methods and specific business management methods
Decision-making methods and decision-making process
Resources and constraints
Problems and improvements in the current system
Responsibility strategy, business data, methods and methods, decision-making conditions, problem opinions
Section 3 Organizational Structure and Business Process Analysis
The main four parts
Organizational Structure Analysis (Organizational Chart)
Business function analysis (functional structure diagram)
Analysis of the relationship between organizational structure and business functions (organization and business function relationship diagram, matrix diagram)
business process analysis
Detail the business functions based on them, and use the data from the system survey to string together each step in the business processing process with a complete graphic.
Business flowchart
Overview
A diagram that uses some prescribed symbols and connections to describe the business relationships, work sequences, and management information flow between units and personnel in the system.
legend
circle
business processing unit
box
Business processing function
Report symbols
Output information (reports, reports, files)
Unsealed box
Store files
card symbol
Collect or compile statistics
vector connection
information transfer process
Section 4 Data Process Analysis
Overview
Analysis of information flow, transmission, processing, storage, etc.
Purpose
Identify and resolve issues in data flow
question
Poor data flow, mismatch between front and back data, unreasonable data processing, etc.
data flow diagram
Overview
Using several basic symbols and diagrams to represent the flow, processing, and storage of information is the main tool for data flow analysis and the main tool for describing the system logical model.
feature
abstraction
generalization
legend
external item
data processing
data storage
data flow
Example
Data Dictionary
A database about a database is a detailed definition and description of each element on the data flow diagram.
main content
data item
data element
The basic components that make up a data flow
data flow
data storage
data processing
external item
Tools for describing processing logic
structured language
sequential structure
judgment structure
Loop structure
decision tree
decision table
Section 5 Determination of system logic scheme
Construction of new system logic scheme
Overview
After analysis and optimization, the management model and information processing plan to be adopted by the new system
process
Business process analysis results
The results of data and data process analysis and sorting
The result of subsystem division
Specific business processing process
Management models and methods established based on actual conditions
New system information processing solution
Determine reasonable business processing procedures
Determine sound data and data processes
Determine the logical structure and data distribution of the new system
Overview
The work results of the system analysis stage reflect the entire investigation and analysis at this stage.
It is the premise and starting point of the system design phase and the basis for system design.
Section 6 System Analysis Report
content
introduction
Project Overview
Implementation Plan