Large-scale purchasing: Walmart obtains lower purchasing costs through centralized purchasing and bargaining power.

Refined supply chain management: Walmart has established an efficient supply chain network to optimize logistics and inventory management from suppliers to stores.

Efficient operating model: Walmart reduces operating costs through accurate demand forecasting, efficient inventory management and optimized sales strategies.

Low price advantage: Through large-scale purchasing and cost control, Wal-Mart has made product prices more competitive and won the favor of consumers.

Efficient supply chain: Wal-Mart's supply chain management is highly efficient, reducing product circulation costs and allowing products to be put on the market at lower prices.

Large-scale operations: Wal-Mart has achieved economies of scale through large-scale store construction and product layout, thereby further reducing costs.

Changes in the retail industry: Wal-Mart's success has prompted other retail companies to reduce price competition and strengthen the optimization of supply chain and operational management.

Supply chain management: Wal-Mart's supply chain management model has become a learning object for other companies, promoting the development and practice of supply chain management theory.

Operating model: Wal-Mart's efficient operating model stimulates the company's need to improve operating efficiency and reduce costs.

Market saturation: Walmart’s US market is basically saturated and needs to seek new markets and business growth points.

Online competition: With the rise of e-commerce, Walmart faces competition from e-commerce giants such as Amazon.

Changes in consumer demand: Consumers’ requirements for product quality, service and shopping experience are constantly increasing, and Walmart needs to adapt to these changes.

Supply chain risks: Globalization and supply chain complexity expose Walmart to challenges from supply chain risks, such as raw material supply disruptions and logistics issues.