Background introduction: 1.It is quite common these days for sb in many countries to do sth 2.A controversial(controversial) issue of modern societies is whether sentence A of B –A of B

Extensions: 1. Whether or not this is a good thing is a moot point(pending). 2. The other party’s point of view (Some people/individuals are in favor of (support) the view that the other party’s point of view)

My own point of view: 1. In my opinion（As far as I am concerned）, it is essential/necessary for sb to do sth. 2.My view is that (the advantages outweigh the disadvantages) 3. I agree/disagree with this view. (Mostly used for disagreement categories)

Some people believe that children should be allowed to stay at home and play until they are six or seven years old. Others believe that it is important for young children to go to school as soon as possible. What’s your opinion. A…..B…..what is your opinion?

A controversial issue of modern societies is whether children should stay at home before six or seven or go to school early.

Some people are in favor of the view that children should stay at home for a longer time.

Howerer, my view is that children should go to school as early as possible.

In many countries, traditional foods are being replaced by international fast food. This is having a negative effect on both families and societies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

It is quite common these days for people in many countries to eat international fast food rather than traditional food.

Whether or not this is a good thing is a moot point. I agree with this view that this trend has negative effects on both families and societies.

As countries develop, more and more people buy and use their cars. Do you think the advantages of this trend for individuals outweigh its disadvantages for environment?

It is quite common these days for people in many countries to buy and use their cars.

Whether or not this is a good thing is a moot point.

My view is that the benefits for people outweigh the disaster for environment.

Core sentence expansion

An obvious argument in favor of (support) sb doing sth/doing sth is that sub-argument 1 extension.

Moreover, sub-point 2 is extended.

People (generally refers to participants)

Environment (the environment in which the general participants are located)

Separate situations (when A and B belonging to different things appear in the question)

example 1

Example 2

sth have positive effects on sb or sth can positively affect sb

This is beneficial for sb.

There are benefits for A if B do sth.

explain

Argument to the contrary

for example

explain

Explanation Contrast

explain give example

Explain, give examples, contrast

Reason 1

Result 1

First paragraph: Ask why

Second paragraph: Reason (personal)

Paragraph 3: Reason (group: family, company, school, society)

Paragraph 4: Solution (can be written in two paragraphs)

First paragraph: Ask about the result

Second paragraph: Result 1 (individual)

Paragraph 3: Result 2 (Group: family, company, school, society)

Paragraph 4: Solution (can be written in two paragraphs)

internationality: Strengthen cooperation, reach consensus, and set international standards (strengthen the cooperation; reach the agreement, set international standards) domestic: government: Enact laws and regulations to intervene and guide/punish (enact laws and regulations to intervene and guide/punish) offer education to raise the awareness of the general public Promulgate preferential policies and invest money/funds in solving the problem (carry out some preferential policies and invest money/funds in solving the problem) Increase taxes (High-tax penalties/punishments should be imposed on sth/ Governments can put taxes on sth)

Review the topic again and write down the other party’s point of view

No less than 30 words

Refute logically (support the other party’s reasons in reverse) This is less likely as support

Take steps to solve the problem This issue can be solved by various methods.

The line graph shows (describes, demonstrates, illustrates, gives information about, indicates) Data Form Description Object Location Time

Describe the object as the subject

rising, falling and flat as subject

There be sentence pattern

trend

Two major characteristics

conjunction

The graph below shows radio and television audiences throughout the day in 1992 in the UK.

Rewrite the first paragraph

Middle section 1

middle section 2

Closing Paragraph: Summary/Comparison

Write the peak value first (maximum, minimum)

Other data are grouped and described according to the relationship between data (similarity/multiple)

1.The percentage of sth is the highest/maximum, with 33%./accounting for 33%/(33%). The percentage of working and sleeping time was 65%, with/accounting for 33% and 32% respectively(respectively) 2. sth account for=occupy=constitute(occupy) the minimum proportion/share, with only 2%. The time which was spent in traveling to work accounted for the minimum share, with only 2%. 3. The numerical value is the subject: 65% of time was spent on working and sleeping, with 33% and 32% respectively. 18% of time was spent on relaxing at home 4.There was 33% of time which was spent on working .(there be) 5. People or countries are the subject working adults spent 32% of time on sleeping.

resemblance: 1.A is similar to B/A is the same as B 2. A, B and C account for(occupy=constitute) similar proportions, with 4%, 5% and 6% respectively(=separately). 3. There be: There is a slight difference/gap in A and B, accounting for 3% and 4%.（3% and 4% respectively) There are some slight differences in A, B and C. 4. People or countries are the subject

multiple: 1.A double/triple/quadruple B 2.A is twice as much/many as B three times-four times

The chart shows the percentages of time working adults spent on different activities in a certain country in 1958.

The pie chart shows that there are four main causes of farmland becoming degraded in the world today. Globally, 65% of degradation is caused by too much animal grazing and tree clearance, constituting 35% and 30% respectively. A further 28% of global Degradation is due to over-cultivation of crops. Other causes account for only 7% collectively.

These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s, with Europe having as much as 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation, while the impact of this on Oceania and North America was minimal, with only 1.7% and 0.2% of land affected respectively. Europe , with the highest overall percentage of land degraded(23%), also suffered from over-cultivation(7.7%) and over-grazing (5.5%). In contrast, Oceania had 13% of degraded farmland and this was mainly due to over -grazing(11.3%). North America had a lower proportion of degraded land at only 5%, and the main causes of this were over-cultivation(3.3%) and, to a lesser extent, over-grazing(1.5%).

Overall, it is clear that Europe suffered more from farmland degradation than the other regions, and the main causes there were deforestation and over-cultivation.

The table gives information about the proportions of consumer expenditure which was spent on different items in Ireland, Italy, Spain, Sweden and Turkey in 2002.

As can be seen from the table, food/drinks/tobacco were the most important daily items for all the five countries, while consumers paid the least money for leisure and education. Specifically, Turkey spent the most money on food, drinks and tobacco, with 32.14%. Ireland ranked the second, spending 28.91% of money. The rest three countries spent relatively less money on these items, with around/approximately 15%, 16% and 18% respectively.

In terms of footwear and clothing, the proportion of money which was spent was the most in Italy (9%), while only 5% of money was spent on these items in Sweden. The expenditure spent in Ireland, Spain and Turkey accounted for similar proportions, with about 6%.

All consumers in five countries spent the least proportion of money on leisure and education, fluctuating from 1.98% to 4.35%.

Overall, the five countries spent different proportions of money on different items.