MindMap Gallery Scientific weight loss-Feng Xue
The motivation for losing weight is not only for health, but also for beauty, charm, and social competitiveness; the essence of losing weight is to change your life; the sign of successful weight loss is that you change into a healthy lifestyle; the key to losing weight is Only by walking with a group of like-minded people can you go further and ultimately succeed in losing weight.
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This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Scientific weight loss-Feng Xue
"Scientific Weight Loss Course"
Source︱Get-Feng Xue Drawing: Diandian Feicao
Feng Xue is the founder and director of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Center of Fuwai Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, chairman of the Cardiopulmonary Health Committee of the Chinese Health Management Association, vice chairman of the Beijing Precision Medicine Society, and editor-in-chief of 6 medical books.
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Publication Message: A complete solution that will succeed the first time
Three major cognitions about weight loss
Motives for losing weight: health; improving attractiveness; improving social competitiveness
The essence of weight loss: change your lifestyle and lead a new life
The secret to losing weight: scientific methods, companionship and supervision
There is no auspicious day for losing weight. Today is the best day to start losing weight.
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Fundamental
The three-body goal of scientific weight loss
weight
BIM index
Male: 18.5-24
Female 18.5-23
body fat
Body fat percentage
Men: 15%-18%
Female: 20%-25%
body shape
waistline
Male ≤85cm
Female ≤80
waist to hip ratio
Male≤0.9
Female ≤0.8
As long as one of the three goals of weight, body fat, and body shape is not reached, you must start a weight loss plan.
The first principle of scientific weight loss Conservation of energy
Water intake: energy intake
Water output: energy consumption
Losing weight is about creating an energy gap
protein
Fat
carbohydrate
water tank ︱ human body energy
daily metabolism
The energy consumed by the human body due to errors in digestion and absorption
Energy consumed by the human body to maintain body temperature
Related to sleep loss
Exercise and daily physical activity
Direction one: Increase water output Add energy consumption
Not feasible: increase basal metabolic rate, reduce sleep, etc.
Possible: Increase exercise and daily physical activity
Direction two: Reduce the amount of water entering, Reduce energy intake
carbohydrate both love and hate
Love: the main source of energy and the only source of energy for the brain
Hate: The absorption conversion rate is as high as 70%. When there is excess, it is very easy to convert it into fat and store it.
Each gram of carbohydrate contains 4 calories; 1. Staple foods, whole grains, and snacks made from them 2. Fruits and vegetables
How to control: 1. Eat less staple food appropriately. 2. Eat more vegetables and supplement unabsorbable carbohydrates (fiber).
Cellulose is also a carbohydrate, but not only does it not convert into any energy, it can also reduce the body's absorption of sugars and fats, making it a powerful tool for weight loss.
Fat Fast in and slow out
Each gram of fat carries 9 calories of energy
The conversion efficiency is as high as 96%. As long as it cannot be consumed, it will be stored.
Slow consumption: Only when the sugar in the body is used up, fat will be consumed
Total fat intake must be strictly controlled
protein
Each gram can provide 4 calories of energy, which is the most important substance for maintaining the growth and repair of cell tissue.
The body generally does not store protein as energy, but uses it as a tool.
Supplement more: 1-1.5g of protein per kilogram of body weight per day
By reducing energy intake, eating less carbohydrates, strictly controlling fat intake, and appropriately supplementing protein, it can indeed help us lose weight.
The most effective way to lose weight
lifestyle intervention
Any way to lose weight must adjust your lifestyle, otherwise, you will definitely gain weight back.
Misconception
Lifestyle adjustments are slow to take effect and cost-effective
A healthy lifestyle is too difficult to achieve
healthy lifestyle
diet
sports
Manage stress and sleep
Lifestyle management is a multi-pronged approach that works simultaneously to achieve the best weight loss results.
Developing a healthy lifestyle is not difficult, it starts with your behavior. From now on, 21 days of action can help you develop a new habit
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weight loss program
Adjust your diet to create an energy gap
Energy gap: The medical conclusion is 500-750 kcal
Exceeding 750 calories can lead to a range of nutritional deficiencies
Less than 500 calories, unable to achieve weight loss goal
Energy gap control principle
The smaller the body mass index (BMI), the closer it is to 500 calories
The larger the BMI or the recent weight gain, the closer it is to 750 calories.
If your BMI exceeds 35, it can exceed 750 calories under professional medical guidance.
Achieve an energy gap—eat less
Hungry is just a physical feeling Doesn’t mean the body needs it
I get used to eating more, and my stomach is full every time
Eat at the mercy of your gut flora
Eat low total energy Doesn’t mean eating less or going on a diet
Choose foods with low energy density, such as eating more fruits and vegetables rich in fiber. You can also eat a full meal while losing weight.
How to match weight loss meals
Look at the label--energy content list
Indicate the energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, etc. content per 100g of food
Conveniently calculate the total energy consumed
Convenient comparison between different foods
If there are no labels, you can check the calorie count of various foods through books and APPs.
Food photography
Can form a nutrition diary
Make daily meal menu
Look through the daily photos and find the foods to lose 500-750 calories from.
You can first reduce midnight snacks, then sugary drinks, then snacks, and finally reduce meals, so that the total is reduced to 500-750 calories.
You can exchange equal amounts of the same kind between different foods according to your own preferences
According to the energy gap of 500-750 kcal, the weight will steadily decrease by 0.5-1kg per week. If the target is not reached, repeat the steps of combining weight loss meals.
Diet choices, how to ensure you eat right and not feel hungry
Four principles for choosing food
Ingredients The less processing the better
It is best not to eat highly processed foods for dinner Fresh ingredients, simple cooking, cold, steamed and boiled
Hot pot is better than stir-frying; stir-frying is better than frying; frying is better than deep-frying. Don’t use butter for the bottom of the pot, and don’t use sesame paste for seasonings.
Try not to eat snacks and drinks
In addition to ingredients, the less ingredients in bagged food are added, the better.
food The more complete the better
Vegetables and fruits can be eaten without peeling, and they can be juiced without being squeezed.
Cereals, all kinds of cereals, wheat, rice, if they can be coarse, don’t be fine.
Whole foods contain fiber, which is both hunger-fighting and healthy
Fat Naturally unsaturated
Unsaturated fatty acids do not accumulate in the human body
Plants and marine animals are rich in unsaturated fatty acids
Don’t touch food labeled with trans fatty acids
protein The purer the better
Animal protein: swims in water → flies in the sky → runs on the ground → cannot run on the ground
Plant protein: soy products
Three meals a day
You must have breakfast
Don’t have dinner after 9 o’clock at the latest
Four-compartment dinner plate: 2:1:1 principle, put fruits and vegetables in half of the plate, about half a catty of vegetables, 4 taels of fruit; 1/4 meat, about 2 taels; 1/4 cereal staples
Effect evaluation, which diet plan will dominate the world?
very low energy diet
Hungry: The daily caloric intake is less than 800 calories. The short-term effect is amazing, but the long-term rebound will occur.
ketogenic diet very low carb diet
Daily food: carbohydrates within 10%; protein within 20%, fat 70%
Short-term weight loss is great but has too many side effects; Side effects: bad breath, constipation, slowed brain reaction, full of desire for staple food, may cause cholesterol to rise after 3 months, and will be equaled by other diets in 3-6 months
low carb diet
The carbohydrate content is slightly higher than that of ketosis, between 10% and 25%
Short-term weight loss within 6 months is a good choice, and blood lipid levels should be measured regularly. Not an option if your cholesterol is elevated and you are at risk for heart disease
low ester diet
Fat reduces to less than 30% of total energy
A low-fat diet is somewhat similar to a vegetarian diet. It can last for about a year and has good results. However, there is almost no meat to eat every day, so it is very difficult to persist.
mediterranean diet
Nutritional balance: 50-60% carbohydrates; 20-30% fat; 20% protein
The short-term effect is not as good as other diets, but in the long run, it is the easiest way to adhere to and the least likely to rebound.
In areas with the longest longevity in the world, the proportion of carbohydrates is also around 50%
The best way of eating is the way that suits you. Losing weight means living a good life. Success comes from the little things you do year after year.
Fat-burning exercise, which program is the most efficient in losing weight?
misperception Just exercise, don’t control your diet
Overestimating the consumption of exercise: Playing basketball for half an hour consumes 220 calories, and cycling for half an hour only consumes 145 calories.
Simple exercise has a limited impact on weight. Without changing your lifestyle, it is basically impossible to lose weight through exercise alone.
Comprehensive lifestyle intervention Exercise has obvious weight loss effect
Weekly exercise, weight loss results in 6 months: ≥200 minutes, the average weight loss is 13.1kg; 100~200 minutes, the average weight loss is 8.5kg; ≤150 minutes, the average fee is 3.5kg
Exercise is the driving force behind a new lifestyle
fat burning exercise
1. Aerobic: brisk walking, jogging, swimming, climbing, etc.
2. Exercise intensity should be appropriate, and the optimal heart rate for aerobic exercise is: (220-age-resting heart rate) X ︱0.6-0.75︱resting heart rate
3. Exercise for a certain amount of time (recommended: ≥150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week) It takes at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise to start burning fat High-intensity interval exercise (HIT), very efficient in burning fat
Among all exercises, brisk walking has the highest success rate in losing weight.
Losing fat requires more shaping and building a perfect figure, aerobic exercise and strength training
Psychological energy, how to avoid giving up midway
The most difficult thing about losing weight is managing psychological factors: stress and sleep are the two main battlegrounds for psychological management on the road to weight loss.
science manage pressure
Change your thinking focus on the present
Set a short-term goal for yourself. The cycle should not be too long. Give yourself a reward when you complete it.
self-monitoring
Record your weight every day
Take photos of food and drink, and comment on your thoughts: Benefit 1: Identify situations that lead you to make poor dietary choices Benefit 2: Discover food hazards, avoid eating unhealthy foods, and pay attention to them regularly
Actively relieve and vent
Yoga, meditation, mindfulness; Tai Chi with breathing for 10-15 minutes
Communicate in person or online
how to sleep Only by lying down can you lose weight
Lack of sleep linked to increased BMI, contributing to obesity
Sleep between 6-8 hours
Sleep should be regular
Have deep sleep
Benefits: Increased leptin secretion; reduced hunger
How to ensure deep sleep: 1. The body is tired and the brain is relaxed. 2. Don’t eat anything four hours before going to bed, even fruits.
Companion action, is it true that those who are nearly thin are thinner?
Who will influence our weight loss? three degrees of influence
If your friend becomes obese, your probability of becoming obese is 45%
If your friend’s friend becomes obese, the probability of you becoming obese is 20%
If a friend of a friend of yours becomes obese, the probability of you becoming obese is 20%
How to “turn crisis into opportunity” Build a weight loss social circle
Set a benchmark for weight loss
Standard: Living a healthy life and maintaining a good weight are enough.
Who to choose
Choose your family first
Secondly, you can choose close friends
Finally, look for circles or online communities where people are losing weight
social circle Support weight loss
dye
Eating, moving, sleeping, and venting stress should be consistent with the circle benchmarks
Let go of your original concept of life, feel it, and accept it
Active output
Share weight loss experience; weight loss progress; failure; exercise to meet the target; diet; unclear issues┉
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medical intervention
Medications, are there any effective weight loss pills?
Drug weight loss classification
Health products claimed to help lose weight
For example: detoxifying and slimming tea, slimming tea, etc. From the perspective of healthy weight loss---fake
Specially marketed weight loss drugs
Energy consumption category: Qsymia Within 1 year, 75% can lose 8.8kg; 54% can lose 10% Side effects: indigestion, constipation, bad taste, insomnia, etc.
Direct or indirect reduction of energy absorption: Orlistat (the only weight loss drug available in China) can reduce fat absorption by 30% Within 1 year, 44% can lose 5% of their weight; the average is 2.6kg; there are also side effects.
Weight Loss as a Side Effect of Medications
Metformin for the treatment of diabetes, an average of 1kg per year, is effective, but not obvious
Precautions for drug weight loss
Diet pills must be a helpless choice after weighing the pros and cons.
BMI is greater than 27, and is complicated by at least one obesity disease; BMI is greater than 30, and after trying lifestyle treatments to no avail; after weighing the pros and cons, drug treatment can be considered
All medications for weight loss, including orlistat, are long-term treatments
While taking weight loss pills, it is necessary to implement lifestyle changes that combine diet and exercise. Even after you successfully lose weight, you still have to stick to it
Surgery, is weight loss surgery really reliable?
Liposuction is only for local plasticity. It neither loses weight nor gains health. It is not recommended to try.
Bariatric Surgery: make stomach smaller
classic method
Gastric bypass surgery, leaving the stomach unused
remove part of stomach
Place an inflatable balloon in the stomach to reduce its volume
Medical mechanism
Physical: The stomach becomes smaller, artificially causing poor digestion and absorption, and the absorbed calories become smaller, forming an energy gap.
Chemical properties: 1. “Bile acid” hormones will increase and change the taste system 2. "Glucagon-like peptide" will increase, which will slow down gastric emptying, reduce hunger, promote insulin secretion, improve pancreatic beta cell sensitivity, and alleviate diabetes.
Nerve conduction changes: Reduce appetite and reduce energy intake
Bariatric surgery is only recommended if your BMI is about 40, or if you have a BMI greater than 35 and have severe diabetes.
How American doctors promote weight loss surgery
Do quality control------establish a fully transparent quality control system
Benchmarking - Discuss the benefits and risks of investing before surgery so that patients can experience it personally
After-sales service------User experience and sharing
Light fasting, a greatly underestimated medical method
Light fasting ≠ fasting
Medical light fasting is a medical dietary treatment that not only has requirements for the frequency and time of fasting, but also has strict requirements for energy intake on the day of fasting.
Benefits of light fasting
Help lose weight, treat diseases, and prolong life
Light fasting Metabolic reaction
After fasting for 8-12 hours, hunger will initiate the first wave of metabolic changes. Sugar has been consumed and fat begins to be decomposed. Ketone bodies serve as energy substances and initiate neuroendocrine transmission signals, telling the cell nucleus, "The body has no energy, find a way quickly"; the cell nucleus will initiate a series of self-protective effects, including reducing protein synthesis, Improve insulin sensitivity, increase self-clearance of bad cells, and more
During light fasting, cells undergo systemic repair; when light fasting ends, cells enter a new state of growth and functional tissue reconstruction. By alternating back and forth in this way, the effect of repair and rebirth is finally achieved.
Without starvation, cells are busy multiplying. You will neglect to repair yourself. If the damage cannot be repaired and gradually accumulates more and more, the person will become unhealthy.
Light fasting how to do
What to eat, consume 500-700 calories
First of all, choosing foods with a low glycemic index will cause blood sugar to rise more slowly, and the hunger will be slower as well.
Secondly, ensure a protein intake of more than 1g per kilogram of body weight
Finally, ensure vitamin and fiber supplements
when to eat
500-700 kcal food should be eaten within 6-8 hours
The time period can be freely selected
frequency
Alternation plan: fast today and eat normally tomorrow, no more than 3 days of light fast per week
5 2 plan: fast for any two days in a week, and normal food for the other five days
6-month light fasting weight loss plan
In the first month, eat 1,000 calories one day a week and finish it within 10 hours.
In the second month, 2 days a week, 1,000 calories a day, eat within 8 hours
In the third month, 2 days a week, 750 calories a day, eaten within 6 hours
Fourth to sixth month, 2 days a week, 500 calories a day, eat within 6 hours
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important issues
Meal replacement, is it a magic tool or a scam?
Meal replacement: In order to maintain weight loss or maintain the effect of weight loss, food products must be able to replace one or two meals a day.
The magical effect of meal replacement
Meal replacement can really help you lose weight, and the effect is not bad. Research shows that the average weight loss is 7.7kg in a year.
It can shape your body, that is, reduce your body fat rate and reduce your waist circumference.
Meal replacement is effective, convenient, and healthy; it has good nutrition and can easily ensure trace elements.
How to choose a meal replacement
First of all, a good meal replacement must contain a certain amount of energy, about 150-300 calories.
Secondly, the energy substances in the meal replacement must be matched in a certain proportion: carbohydrates within 40%, protein 20-30%, fat within 30% (saturated fatty acids below 10%, hyperlipidemia can be controlled below 7%, The rest are preferably unsaturated fatty acids)
Various vitamins and trace elements should be sufficient
How to use meal replacements
Meal replacement will not enhance your physique, nor will it prolong your life. Meal replacement is only for weight loss.
Diet management, reasonable exercise, and meal replacement------the effect can be maximized
Before developing a healthy lifestyle, meal replacement cannot be stopped
Baby fat, why you need to lose it immediately
Meal replacement: In order to maintain weight loss or maintain the effect of weight loss, food products must be able to replace one or two meals a day.
How to tell if a child is fat or not?
WHO also uses BMI to judge whether a child is normal enough. BMI needs to be compared with children of the same gender and age: normal weight between the two yellow lines; overweight is defined as over 85th, and obesity is defined as over 97th.
The impact of obesity on children
First: Don’t grow taller; if you want your child to grow taller, don’t let him gain weight.
Second: Once you are fat, you will be fat for a lifetime; there is no such thing as "youth fat" or "baby fat". Being fat when you were young is not what many people think of as fat, it will most likely turn into real fat.
Third: It will affect the child’s mental health; he or she will be easily teased and bullied, making him appear unsociable.
Prevent children from becoming obese Ten moves
The first step: a united front to ensure that everyone in the family knows the dangers of obesity to children
Tip 2: Manage your weight and have a baby
The third tip: the newborn's weight cannot go to either end, the normal range is 2.5kg-4kg
Tip 4: Breastfeed until the child is at least one year old
The fifth tip: There is a daily cap on juice drinks. The American Scientific Association recommends: 1-3 years old, up to 120ml per day; 4-6 years old, 120-180ml per day; after 6 years old, 240ml per day
Tip Six: Let the children eat three meals by themselves, and don’t give snacks until they are full.
The seventh trick: three points of hunger and cold, wear one less piece of clothing
Tip 8: Let your children cook together, which will subtly influence their taste and food choices.
Tip 9: Restrict children from playing electronic products to no more than 1 hour a day
Tip 10: Turn off the lights before 11 o'clock for the whole family and let the children sleep for 10 hours
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Conclusion: Why obesity is not a personal issue
From a biological evolution perspective, obesity may be rooted in human genes
While the commercial society meets people's needs, it also objectively exacerbates the obesity problem.
Obesity is not a one-person problem, but a serious public health problem. Fighting obesity requires the efforts of governments around the world, and more importantly, the contribution of each of us.
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