MindMap Gallery mineral
This is a mind map about minerals. The main content includes: characteristics, concepts, physical properties, mineral forms, classifications, and how minerals are formed.
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This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
mineral
concept
Minerals are simple substances or compounds with specific physical and chemical properties formed from a single element under certain geological conditions. They are the basic units of rocks.
feature
Naturally produced, ordered structure, solid.
Most minerals in nature are crystals
The chemical composition of minerals is basically stable, but it contains many impurities.
Phenomenon with homogeneity and multiple phenomena
Classification
natural element minerals
Simple molecular compounds: the most common are oxides
Complex molecular group minerals
How minerals are formed
1. Sublimation - sublimation
Minerals sublimate and then condense to form minerals
2.Crystallization
Minerals crystallized directly from minerals or melts
3. Colloidal coagulation
Such as opal, limonite and duromanganite, etc.
4. Recrystallization
Minerals generally formed by recrystallization of solids can also be regenerated by dissolving the crystals in solvents or melting them.
mineral form
Monomeric form
Extended type (line)
Two-way extension type (surface)
Isotropic extension type (body)
Crystal cluster, combined shape, radial shape, etc.
physical properties
hardness
Mohs hardness tester
1 (talc), 2 (gypsum), 3 (calcite), 4 (fluorite), 5 (apatite), 6 (orthoclase), 7 (quartz), 8 (topaz), 9 (diamond)
Cleavage
After a mineral is acted upon by an external force, it fractures along a certain crystallographic direction and forms a series of smooth planes.
Classification
Extremely complete cleavage: mica, graphite, gypsum
Complete cleavage
Medium cleavage: Diamond
incomplete cleavage
Very incomplete cleavage (no cleavage): quartz, garnet
fracture
The fracture surface (shell-shaped, jagged, jagged, flat) formed by not cracking along the fixed crystallographic direction after the crystal is struck by external force is mainly found in minerals with incomplete cleavage (quartz)
Foresight
flexibility
Ductility
Optics
Color: The hue of a mineral that changes color after absorbing visible light.
Self-color: the color of the mineral itself, the color is generally unchanged (an important criterion for judgment)
Other colors: caused by containing other impurities (crystal)
False color: caused by light interference, diffraction, etc., such as oxide film on the surface of minerals
锖色
halo
change color
Streak: The color of mineral powder, its main identification significance. Generally, the mineral is scratched on a white unglazed porcelain plate and the color of the powder left behind is observed.
Gloss: The ability of a surface to reflect light
Metal
Semi-metal
nonmetal
Transparency: The degree to which light is allowed to pass through at standard thickness (0.03mm)
floating theme