MindMap Gallery local blood circulation disorder
This is a mind map about local blood circulation disorders. Local blood circulation disorders refer to a disease in which the blood content in the blood vessels of local tissues increases, causing blood to escape from the blood vessels or the heart.
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This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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local blood circulation disorder
congestion and bruising
congestion
concept
Increased arterial blood input
type
Physiological
Gastrointestinal mucosal bleeding after eating
Congestion of skeletal muscle tissue during exercise
uterine congestion during pregnancy
pathological
inflammation congestion
Hyperemia after decompression (reflexive dilation of arterioles)
lesions
Increased organ tissue volume, bright red color, and local temperature increase (large, red, hot)
Microscopic dilation and congestion of arterioles and capillaries
as a result of
The cause is eliminated and blood flow returns to normal.
Special circumstances, blood vessel rupture, serious consequences
Blood stasis
concept
Due to obstruction of venous return, blood accumulates in small veins and capillaries, resulting in increased blood content in tissues and organs.
lesions
big, purple, cool
reason
Nese
external pressure
heart failure
Impact and consequences
to blood vessels
Stasis edema, stasis hemorrhage
to tissue cells in the location
Parenchymal cells: atrophy, degeneration, necrosis
Interstitium: hemorrhagic sclerosis
Example
Liver stasis
Causes: Hepatic vein obstruction, external pressure, right heart failure (most common)
Pathological changes
acute
Dilatation and blood stasis of central veins of liver lobules and liver sinusoids
Central zone: atrophy, degeneration, necrosis
Peripheral zone: fatty degeneration
Chronic
Central lobular veins and hepatic sinusoids are highly dilated
Central area: lesions (atrophy, degeneration, necrosis) are connected
Peripheral area: fatty degeneration (yellow) - betel nut liver
severe long term
Stasis cirrhosis (cardiogenic cirrhosis) (mildest)
Pulmonary stasis
Causes: Pulmonary vein obstruction, external pressure, left heart failure (most common)
Pathological changes
acute
The alveolar wall capillaries and venules are more obviously dilated
The alveolar spaces are filled with edema fluid and there is bleeding
Chronic
Stasis edema, stasis hemorrhage
long
Stasis pulmonary sclerosis - brown sclerosis of the lungs (heart failure cells)
thrombosis
concept
The process in which blood coagulates (fiber) in the heart and blood vessels of a living person or certain formed components in the blood (platelets, blood cells) stick to each other to form a solid mass is called thrombosis. The solid mass formed is called a thrombus.
conditions and mechanisms
1. endothelial cell damage
2. Changes in blood flow status (slow blood flow, vortex formation)
3. increased blood coagulability
process
intravenously
Column thrombosis (continuous thrombosis)
head
Under the microscope: mainly platelets, cellulose, RBC, WBC
Naked eye: gray-white thrombus (platelet thrombus/precipitation thrombus)
Body
Under the microscope: platelet beams, cellulose
Naked eye: alternating red and white - mixed blood clots
tail
Under the microscope: coagulation
Naked eye: red - red thrombus
arteries and heart
Aorta and heart valves - white thrombus
Small and medium-sized arteries, aneurysms, and within the heart—mixed thrombus (mural thrombus)
capillaries
microthrombus
fibrin thrombus
hyaline thrombus
Mainly seen in DIC (diffuse capillary)
ending
1. Dissolve and absorb
2. Soften and fall off
3. Mechanized recanalization
4. Calcification
The impact of blood clots on the body
Benefit: Stop bleeding
unfavorable
1. block blood vessels
2. embolism
3. Heart valve deformation
4. Generalized hemorrhage (DIC)
embolism
concept
The process of abnormal substances (emboli) that are insoluble in the blood appearing in the circulating blood and traveling with the blood to block blood vessels is called embolism.
embolus travel path
1. Emboli in the left heart and arterial system
2. Emboli in the right heart and venous system
3. Portal venous system emboli
4. Special: Cross-emboli; Retrograde embolism
type
Thromboembolism
pulmonary embolism
Source of thrombus: More than 95% come from the deep veins of the lower limbs (femoral artery, popliteal artery, iliac artery)
systemic arterial embolism
80% of the sources of thrombus come from the left heart, mitral valve stenosis, mural thrombus on the posterior wall of the left atrium, mural thrombus on the endocardium in the myocardial infarction area, and vegetations on the valve due to infective endocarditis.
fat embolism
fracture vein
gas embolism
air embolism
Caisson disease (decompression sickness/nitrogen embolism)
amniotic fluid embolism
Other embolisms
tumor embolism
parasite embolism
bacterial embolism
infarction
concept
Necrosis caused by acute blockage of blood supply
reason
1. Thrombosis (most common)
2. arterial embolism
3. blood vessel compression and occlusion
4. arterial spasm
condition
1. Organ blood supply characteristics
Dual circulation (lungs, liver, upper limbs)
2. Sensitivity of local tissue to ischemia
Brain>Heart>Skeletal muscle, connective tissue
type
anemic infarction
Prevalent parts: spleen, kidney, heart, brain
Morphological characteristics
Shape: related to blood vessel distribution
I. Spleen and kidneys: fan-shaped in section and cone-shaped in three dimensions
II. Heart: map
Texture: related to the type of necrosis
I. Spleen, kidney, heart: coagulative necrosis
II. brain, liquefied necrosis
hemorrhagic infarction
Prevalent parts: lungs, intestines
Conditions: Loose tissue, severe blood stasis, dual blood supply
Morphological characteristics
I. Lungs: fan-shaped in section and cone-shaped in three dimensions
II. Intestine: segmental
septic infarction
Infarction caused by bacterial emboli
Effects of infarction on the body
Depends on the location and size of the infarction, and whether there is infection
outcome of infarction
It’s the ending of necrosis
White thrombus - veins, arteries, valves (no capillaries) Red thrombus - vein only Hyaline thrombus - capillaries only