Mechanism of airway inflammation

airway hyperresponsiveness

Inflammatory cell infiltration

Produces → moist rales (with lots of mucus)

Produce → Dry rales (no mucus produced)

Difficulty breathing with wheezing

Can be relieved with antiasthmatic drugs

Aggravated at night

Have chest tightness/shortness of breath

specific asthma

expiratory dyspnea

The patient is forced to sit upright

Reduced voice resonance

Profuse sweating with cyanosis

Inspiratory position

Special signs

Nocturnal paroxysmal wheezing and coughing up pink frothy sputum

Ventilation function test

Bronchial provocation test (acetylcholine/histamine drugs) (hyperreaction)

Bronchodilation test (albuterol/terbutaline) (reversible)

★FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in first second) → FEV1 decrease (the main manifestation of abnormal lung function)

peak respiratory flow PEF

Remission period → No abnormality in X-ray findings

During the attack → the transparency of both lungs increases

Early PaO2↓ PaCO2 ↓ PH↑

Late PaO2↓ PaCO2↑ PH↓

★Can be used when unconscious or unconscious

Grading

Wheezing/coughing/chest tightness of varying frequency/degree over a long period of time, decreased lung function

Methylprednisolone

Invasive mechanical ventilation (drug use is ineffective)