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Bias analysis

This article organizes the background of error analysis, theoretical proposals, main content, steps, significance and limitations, etc. It also includes some examples to facilitate understanding of error analysis.

Edited at 2024-03-13 20:40:43

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Bias analysis

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Outline

Bias analysis

The background of bias analysis

Previous comparative analysis questions: Learner’s native language system VS target language system – (not the learner’s language system)

Sporadic practical operations: At the end of the 1940s, language teachers had begun to use the error-boarding method, lacking strict analytical methods and theoretical frameworks.

generate flag

Corder 1967 "The Significance of Learners’ Error"

main content

Distinguish between errors and biases

Mistake

Slips of the tongue, clerical errors, and other accidental errors in language use

offset

It is systemic and reflects the lack of language ability of learners.

Point out the role of bias - language teachers, researchers, learners

The starting point of second language acquisition research

Comparative analysis vs bias analysis

Specific steps for bias analysis

gather information

Target: natural corpus

Collection method: horizontal (synchronic, many objects) or vertical (diachronic, relatively few objects, difficult and time-consuming)

Collection scope: large-scale, specific specifications, individual cases (more in-depth)

Factors affecting bias: mother tongue background, language form, language level, acquisition environment...

Discrimination bias

often overlooked

Problems encountered

erroneous standard issue

Distinguishing errors and mistakes

Implicit bias and explicit bias

Decency issue

descriptive error

Classification of errors and summary of features

Different classification angles

target language category

Surface feature classification

pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar

Phonetics: sound, rhyme, tone

Tone: Yinping, Yangping, rising tone, falling tone

How bias occurs

Surface strategy classification

Omit

Been playing ball () for three hours

He has a camera and a radio

additional

He is very (very) happy

The room (was) cleaned

analogy

Too scared to raise my head

He stayed in the hospital for several days

Out of order

we often travel

I washed the clothes

time of error

presystematic bias

Mistakes caused by learners not knowing the rules of the target language

Yesterday I attended a football match without school

Systematic bias

Discover certain rules that are often wrong

I can't hear clearly

postsystemic bias

Learners understand the correct rules but make mistakes when applying them

He translates sentences very well

interpretation bias

interlingual error

between two languages

intralingual error

Within the target language, caused by incomplete grasp of rules or induction

From a psychological perspective

interference bias

Mother tongue interference

intralingual error

Transitional use of target language rules (transitional generalization)

development bias

Limited language knowledge and making incorrect assumptions

What is the ratio of interlingual errors to intralingual errors? (Ellis, 1994) 1. A large number of errors are intralingual errors 2. Junior learners make more interlingual errors than intermediate and advanced learners, and intermediate and advanced learners make more intralingual errors than interlingual errors. 3. The amount of intralingual errors and interlingual errors is related to the task; translation? 4. Interlingual errors occur more frequently in pronunciation and vocabulary than in grammar. 5. Adults are more prone to interlingual errors than children; 6. Errors are not just from one source. An error may be caused by both intralingual errors and interlingual errors.

evaluation bias

Bias Severity Issue

Different evaluators problem

Assessment criteria questions

Comprehensibility

Acceptability

Level of offense

Do native and non-native speakers evaluate biases the same way?

Grammatically speaking, non-native speakers are more strict than native speakers. Native speakers generally do not correct the following grammatical errors:

He looks forward to seeing his friends again

Native speakers are stricter overall in terms of vocabulary and expression. Native speakers will generally correct errors such as the following:

I have three children

My dictionary is very thin

Limitations of bias analysis

Focus: Learner's language system = correct part, incorrect part - (not a complete system)

Current research: Less vertical and more horizontal, less movement and more stillness - (not a complete picture of the acquisition process)

Only examine the learner's errors and ignore the correct part

There are few longitudinal studies and cannot understand the full picture of the acquisition process.

Unable to collect the usage of verb items that are avoided by learners

The significance of error analysis

The first research method to focus on learners' language systems

A set of procedures and methods for systematically describing and analyzing learner biases

Provide strong evidence for the debate between the spiritual school (Chomsky) and behaviorism in the 1970s

The first to focus on learner language systems

Negative transfer of native language is not the only cause of bias

Proposed a set of procedures and methods for systematically describing and analyzing language errors of second language learners.

Reveals the general rules of second language acquisition, thereby enriching and enriching the theory of second language acquisition

It has practical significance in guiding teaching work

Current status of bias research

Foreign error analysis research

Foreign error analysis is no longer the focus of second language acquisition research, but as a research method for second language acquisition.

Domestic bias analysis and research

Domestic bias analysis began with Lu Jianji’s research in 1984

There are five areas of error analysis in my country: pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, discourse, and Chinese characters.

correction of errors

Interlingual errors, mother tongue interference

Understand the differences between mother tongue and target language, and accumulate errors

Intralingual errors, insufficient grasp of target language rules

learner teacher

summary

Strong theory→Weakness theory→Error analysis