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MindMap Gallery Cardiac electrophysiology and physiological characteristics

Cardiac electrophysiology and physiological characteristics

This is a mind map about myocardial electrophysiology, which mainly includes transmembrane potential and current, Physiological characteristics, etc. Welcome to like and collect!

Edited at 2024-03-13 20:38:20

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Cardiac electrophysiology and physiological characteristics

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Outline

Cardiac electrophysiology and physiological characteristics

Transmembrane potential and current

Working cells (ventricular myocytes)

0,1,2,3,4, period

① Resting potential: Inward rectifier potassium channel (Ik1) (high permeability to K when polarized)

②Stage 0: sodium inward current (INa) → fast channel, which can be blocked by tetrodotoxin, but myocardial cells have low sensitivity to it

③Phase 1: Instantaneous outward current (Ito) → K outflow

④Phase 2 (platform period)

Slow, long duration→ventricular myocyte action potential duration and effective refractory period are long

inward current

1) L-type calcium current (ICa-L): Main

2) Slowly inactivated INa

outward current

1) Inwardly rectifying potassium current (Ik1) → depolarization of the membrane leads to reduced permeability to K (impeding K outflow during the plateau phase)

2) Gradually strengthening delayed rectifier potassium current (Ik): late dominant

In the early stage, Ca2 influx is balanced with K outflux.

⑤3rd period: Ik gradually increases, Ik1

⑥Phase 4: Sodium pump (sodium-potassium pump) → sodium goes out, potassium goes in, Na-Ca2 exchanger → 3Na goes in, 1Ca2 goes out

Autonomic cells (sinoatrial node cells)

Issue 0, Issue 3, Issue 4

①Maximum repolarization potential: Ik1 channel less →-70mv

②Stage 0: ICa-L→slow depolarization→slow responding cells

③No phase 1 and 2: lack of Ito channel

④Phase 3: Repolarization → delayed rectifier potassium current Ik

⑤4 stages of automatic depolarization

a. Progressive attenuation of delayed rectifier potassium current Ik: Mainly

b. Progressive enhanced If:Na influx

c.ICa-T: Rapidly decaying inward current

Autonomic cells (Purkinje cells)

0,1,2,3,4, period

Stages 0, 1, 2, and 3 are the same as ventricular myocytes

4th phase automatic depolarization

If Enhancement: Main

Ik weakens

Physiological properties

(1) Excitability

1. Periodic changes in excitability

2. Influencing factors

① Resting potential or maximum repolarization potential

②Threshold potential level

③Ion channel status of sodium channel or L-type calcium channel

(2) Conductivity

Influencing factors

(1) Structural factors

① Large cell diameter → small resistance → large current and large conduction speed

②Number of gap connections

(2) Physiological factors

①The speed and amplitude of depolarization in period 0

②Membrane potential level (threshold potential level and resting potential)

③Excitability of the membrane adjacent to the unexcited area (3 points of excitability)

(3) Self-discipline

Influencing factors

①4 periods of automatic depolarization speed

②Maximum repolarization potential level

③Threshold potential level: Extracellular Ca2 increases (reduces permeability to Na) → threshold potential shifts upward (more difficult to activate)

(4) Shrinkage

Features

① Synchronous shrinkage (all or no shrinkage): intercalary disc → gap connection → rapid propagation

② No tetanic contraction occurs: long effective refractory period → alternating contraction and contraction

③Excitation-contraction coupling is highly dependent on Ca2 influx