MindMap Gallery pulmonary thromboembolism
This is a mind map about pulmonary thromboembolism, including an introduction, Pathology and pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, Treatment etc.
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pulmonary thromboembolism
Introduction
Pulmonary ThromboembolismPTE
Venous ThromboembolismVTE
deep vein thrombosisDVT
Pathology and pathophysiology
Most of the emboli causing pulmonary thromboembolism can originate from the inferior vena cava/superior vena cava/right heart cavity
Hemodynamics
Pulmonary ventilation and blood flow imbalance
clinical manifestations
Unexplained dyspnea (aggravated by activity)
colic
Fainting
Hemoptysis
Mostly small hemoptysis
Symptoms of deep vein thrombosis
Asymmetric edema of both lower limbs
Unilateral swelling of affected limb
physical signs
circulatory system signs
Tachycardia
Pulmonary valve second heart sound hyperactivity (P2>A2)
Jugular venous distension (pulmonary embolism → pulmonary pressure ↑ → jugular venous pressure ↑)
respiratory signs
Cyanosis
wheeze
moist rales
diagnosis
Confirmed
CT pulmonary angiography (can be used to confirm the diagnosis) (gold standard) → CTPA
Radionuclides
Mainly used to detect pulmonary blood perfusion defects
Low blood flow (infarction)
Excessive blood flow (tumor has rich blood supply)
Source of diagnosis
limb venous ultrasound
★D dimer (high sensitivity)
<500→ Thrombosis can be ruled out
Specific fibrinolytic substance markers
treat
Classification
low risk
Normal blood pressure, normal right ventricular function (anticoagulation)
medium risk
Normal blood pressure, right ventricular dysfunction (anticoagulation)
high risk
Decreased blood pressure, right ventricular dysfunction (thrombolysis)
★Whether to take thrombolysis
Observe blood pressure and right heart function
anticoagulant drugs
Heparin/Warfarin
Thrombolytic drugs
Streptokinase/urokinase/RT-PA
Streptokinase cannot be used again within six months after use (it is allergic)
★Use of anticoagulant drugs
Warfarin takes effect slowly
Use low molecular weight heparin first → then use warfarin
Replenish
Negative can be ruled out
D-dimer
Positive can be ruled out
electrocardiogram