No anesthetic effect

anti-anxiety

Calm and sleep

Enhance GABA effect

The most common adverse reactions are drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue and memory loss.

Too fast intravenous injection, respiratory depression and circulatory depression

Dependence and addiction after long-term use, rebound and withdrawal after discontinuation

Flumazenil is an antagonist of the benzodiazepine binding site and specifically and competitively antagonizes the specific binding sites of benzodiazepine derivatives and GABA receptors.

Change normal sleep patterns, shorten rapid eye movement sleep, and cause non-physiological sleep. After long-term use and discontinuation of the drug, the REMS sleep phase may be prolonged in a rebound manner, accompanied by excessive dreams.

Thiopental sodium can be used for intravenous anesthesia

Moderate doses can inhibit the respiratory center, and are contraindicated in patients with severe pulmonary insufficiency or head injury resulting in respiratory depression.

Long-term dependence, leading to addiction

Selectively stimulates GABA, and the BZ receptor on the receptor regulates chloride channels

For sedation and hypnosis only

It has less interference with normal sleep phases, can shorten sleep latency, reduce the number of awakenings and extend the total sleep time.

fast and swift

Less residual effects and hangovers. There is no obvious resistance or rebound after long-term use.

Suitable for difficulty falling asleep

It is suitable for short-term treatment of adults who have difficulty falling asleep, and can effectively shorten the time it takes to fall asleep.

Strong gastric mucosal irritation

Simple localized seizure (focal type)

Complex focal seizures (psychomotor seizures)

Absence seizures (petit mal)

spasmodic seizure

Tonic-convulsive seizures (grand mal seizures)

status epilepticus

sodium valproate

Mg participates in the regulation of various enzyme activities and plays an important role in nerve impulse transmission and maintenance of neuromuscular stress.

Mg2 and Ca2 have similar chemical properties and can specifically compete for Ca* binding sites and antagonize the effects of Ca*.

injection

Oral administration has cathartic and choleretic effects

External hot compress can reduce inflammation and reduce swelling

Excessive blood magnesium can inhibit the respiratory center and vasomotor center of the medulla oblongata, causing respiratory depression, sudden drop in blood pressure and cardiac arrest.

Loss of tendon reflexes is a sign of respiratory depression

In case of poisoning, artificial respiration should be performed immediately, and calcium chloride and calcium gluconate should be slowly injected to counteract the poisoning.

Degenerative diseases of the central nervous system with progressive extrapyramidal dysfunction

symptom

Dopamine prodrug: levodopa (L-DOPA)

Levodopa synergists: amino acid decarboxylate (AADC) inhibitors

Dopamine receptor agonist: bromocriptine

Dopamine-releasing drugs: amantadine

trihexyphenidyl

A highly age-related degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and memory impairment.

Donepezil

memantine