Treatment: Acidify urine Anti-infection

Gout patients

Renal calyces occur → extend to the renal pelvis → calyceal hydrops/pus → renal parenchymal atrophy → perirenal infection

Can enter the ureter and cause obstruction

Pain: pain in the kidney area, percussion pain at the costovertebral angle

Hematuria: Microscopic hematuria is the main symptom, and sometimes microscopic hematuria occurs after activity, which is the only clinical manifestation of upper urinary tract stones.

complication

Prevalent: three physiological strictures (ureteropelvic junction, crossing iliac blood vessels, ureterovesical wall segment), most common in the lower 1/3 of the ureter

pain

Hematuria: Microscopic hematuria is the main symptom, and sometimes microscopic hematuria occurs after activity, which is the only clinical manifestation of upper urinary tract stones.

feel sick and vomit

bladder irritation

Differential diagnosis from acute appendicitis, ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cyst torsion, acute cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, and pyelonephritis

Ultrasound【Preferred】

X-ray examination

magnetic resonance water imaging

Radionuclide renal scintigraphy: Determining lateralized renal function

Indications: Stones <0.6cm, smooth surface, no obstruction to the urinary tract once the stone is removed

Special: Cystine stones → alkalinization of urine (captopril can prevent this)

Renal colic → antispasmodic and analgesic (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)

Indications: stones ≤2cm, kidney stones and upper ureteral stones

Complications: Transient gross hematuria often occurs after lithotripsy

Indications: All kidney stones that require surgical intervention (complete and incomplete staghorn stones, kidney stones ≥2cm, symptomatic calyceal or diverticulum stones, stones that are difficult to crush and fail to be treated by extracorporeal shock wave, and some stones above L4 Larger upper ureteral stones)

The most common and dangerous complication—intraoperative and postoperative bleeding

Indications: middle and lower ureteral stones with stones less than 2cm, upper ureteral stones with failed ESWL, X-ray negative ureteral stones, impacted stones with long residence time, Shijie,

The most serious complication—ureteral avulsion or rupture

Indications: >2cm ureteral stones