Forms thiamine pyrophosphate in the body and participates in carbohydrate metabolism

As a coenzyme of the α-keto acid oxidative dehydrogenase system, it participates in the oxidative decarboxylation reaction of keto acids in glucose metabolism.

Inhibit cholinesterase activity and maintain the functions of the cholinergic nervous system, digestive system and cardiovascular system

Prevent and treat beriberi

Infection, high fever, hyperthyroidism, myocarditis, neuritis, malnutrition, etc.

Patients who have been taking anti-malignant tumor drugs such as sulfonamides and fluorouracil for a long time should supplement VB1 appropriately.

In the presence of anti-thiamine factors, VB1 is generally not easily absorbed, so propithiam and furthiamine should be used.

Anaphylaxis - Anaphylactic Shock

It is not suitable to take it at the same time with sodium bicarbonate, aminophylline, and aspirin, as it may cause VB1 to deteriorate and be destroyed.

It is widely involved in the reaction of transferring hydrogen in the cellular redox system and promotes the metabolism of fat, sugar and protein.

Maintain normal visual function and participate in hemoglobin synthesis

It can prevent angular stomatitis, glossitis, keratitis, conjunctivitis, retinitis, optic neuritis, scrotumitis, seborrheic dermatitis and dermatitis of the limbs and trunk, etc.

It is also used for refractory hypochromic anemia and should be used together with other B vitamins.

Participate in the synthesis of central inhibitory transmitter γ-aminobutyric acid

Involved in the formation of 5-hydroxytryptamine

Prevent and treat VB6 deficiency - central nervous system symptoms and peripheral neuritis caused by isoniazid and hydralazine

Antiemetic - treatment of vomiting or vomiting of pregnancy caused by anti-malignant drugs, radiation, oral contraceptives, etc.

As an adjuvant treatment for atherosclerosis, granulocytopenia and hepatitis

Treatment of VB6-dependent inborn errors of metabolism

vB6 cannot be used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by the anti-Parkinson's drug levodopa - VB6 is a coenzyme of dopa decarboxylase, which can enhance the activity of peripheral dopa decarboxylase, promote the peripheral conversion of levodopa into dopamine, and make levodopa Dopa enters the central nervous system less and peripheral adverse reactions increase

The anti-tuberculosis drug isoniazid can combine with pyridoxal phosphate, causing it to lose its role as a coenzyme. Therefore, VB6 should be appropriately supplemented while taking isoniazid.

Combined with haloperidol or domperidone, it can eliminate the gastrointestinal adverse reactions caused by the latter two and prevent the lactation reaction caused by domperidone.

Participate in redox reactions in the body

Participate in hydroxylation reaction in vivo

Promote humoral immunity and cellular immunity, enhance the phagocytosis ability of macrophages and leukocytes, enhance the body's resistance to infection and detoxification ability of poisons

Treating VC Deficiency-Scurvy

Complementary treatment

Cardiogenic shock caused by Keshan disease

Treat liver damage

Excessive consumption can cause gastrointestinal reactions, deep vein thrombosis, increase urinary oxalate excretion, and cause urinary system stones.

Do not stop suddenly after taking large amounts for a long time, otherwise scurvy may occur, so it is advisable to gradually reduce the dosage and stop the medicine.

VC can increase the bioavailability of estrogen, and estrogen can increase the degradation of VC and inhibit its absorption.

VC can reduce the effect of anticoagulants and shorten prothrombin time

VC can antagonize some of the central depressant effects of chlorpromazine and shorten the hypnotic time of barbiturates. Barbiturates, diphenhydramine, aspirin and tetracycline can increase the excretion of VC in urine

In order to prevent VC and VK from reducing their efficacy due to redox reactions in body fluids, they should not be used together.

The combination of VC and deferoxamine can promote the complexation of the latter with iron, thereby increasing urinary iron excretion; complexing with iron can form divalent iron salts that are easy to absorb, increasing the iron absorption rate by approximately 145%.

Directly improve endothelial cell function, resist oxidation, restore nitric oxide synthase activity, and exert a protective effect on target organs of hypertension.

Maintain the integrity and soundness of epithelial tissue structure

Constituting light-sensitive substances in visual cells

Participate in the oxidation process, promote growth and development, and enhance the body’s immunity and resistance.

It can resist the immunosuppressive effect of glucocorticoids. Large doses can promote thymus hyperplasia. If combined with immune enhancers, immunity can be enhanced.

Vitamin A deficiency

Prevent and treat rickets and rickets, and also used as adjuvant treatment for malignant tumors

External use can promote wound healing

When the needs of infants, lactating women, and pregnant women increase, they can be supplemented appropriately.

Long-term use of large doses can cause hypervitaminosis A, leading to acute/chronic poisoning. The incidence is highest in children aged 6 months to 3 years old, and disappears on its own after stopping the drug.

Taking large doses of VA together with anticoagulant drugs (warfarin) may cause a decrease in coagulation factors

Combined use of oral contraceptives and VA can increase plasma VA concentration

The combination of VA and VE can promote the absorption and utilization of VA, increase the storage capacity of the liver, accelerate utilization and reduce toxicity. However, taking a large amount of VE can deplete the storage of this product in the body.

Promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphate in the small intestine, increases blood calcium concentration, facilitates the deposition of calcium and phosphorus in bone tissue, and promotes calcification of bone tissue. It is an indispensable substance for bone development.

Prevent and treat rickets, osteomalacia and infantile tetany, often combined with calcium

Long-term high-dose use may cause hypercalcemia, cartilage tissue calcification, gastrointestinal reactions, etc., which can be quickly improved if the drug is stopped.

Combined with the cardiac glycoside digitalis, VD can cause hypercalcemia and easily induce arrhythmia.

Increase the secretion of gonadotropins, promote sperm production and activity, increase follicle growth and the effect of progesterone, and maintain normal reproductive functions.

anti-oxidation

Free radical scavenging

Improve lipid metabolism

Habitual abortion, premature abortion, infertility, progressive muscular dystrophy, hemolytic anemia of premature infants, etc.

It can also be used to prevent and treat hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis

Mild, gastrointestinal reflux, headache, dizziness are common with large doses, and occasionally prolonged coagulation time is seen.

Drugs such as neomycin that affect fat absorption also affect vitamin E absorption. Cholestyramine has an adsorption effect and can reduce the absorption rate of vitamin E when used together.

Taking birth control pills can accelerate the metabolism of vitamin E, leading to vitamin E deficiency. When combined with vitamin E, if the dosage of estrogen is large and the course of treatment is long, it can induce thrombophlebitis

Vitamin E can enhance the cardiotonic effect of digitalis and the anticoagulant effect of anticoagulants such as warfarin. This drug also antagonizes vitamin K and can reduce blood coagulation.

Lack of VK can lead to disorders in the synthesis of coagulation factors, affecting the coagulation process and causing bleeding.

Generally intramuscular injection, if intravenous injection is required, the speed should be slow (4-5mg/min)

Larger doses can cause hemolytic anemia, hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice in newborns and premature infants; it can induce acute hemolytic anemia in those with red blood cell 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

1gGS can generate 4kcal (16.7kJ) of heat energy, so it is used to supplement heat.

Rapid intravenous injection of hypertonic Gs has a tissue dehydration effect and can be used as a tissue dehydrating agent

It is the main substance that maintains and regulates the osmotic pressure of peritoneal dialysate.

Used to replenish energy and body fluids, hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, starvation ketosis, high osmotic pressure injection as tissue dehydration agent, solvent for preparing peritoneal dialysis solution and injection drugs

Low potassium, hyponatremia and hypophosphatemia are likely to occur when simply supplementing Gs for a long time.

Hyperkalemia occasionally occurs in patients with type 1 diabetes when using high-concentration glucose injections

Patients with hyperkalemia may occasionally develop hypokalemia and hyponatremia when using high-concentration glucose injections.

In patients with preexisting cardiac insufficiency, rehydration too quickly can cause palpitations, arrhythmia, and even acute left heart failure.

Extravasation of high-concentration glucose injection may cause local swelling, pain, and phlebitis

It is contraindicated for those with uncontrolled diabetic ketoacidosis, those with glucose-galactose malabsorption (avoid oral administration), and those with hyperglycemia and non-ketotic hyperosmolar state.

Gs can induce or aggravate poisoning by cardiac glycosides (digoxin, digitalis, digoxin, lanatoside C, etc.). When injecting Gs, attention should be paid to potassium supplementation.

Promote cells' uptake of circulating potassium and stimulate the production of intracellular high-energy phosphate and 2,3-diphosphate glycerol, promote potassium influx, restore intracellular polarization, and restore and improve cellular metabolism at the analytical level.

It can reduce hemolysis of red blood cells caused by mechanical trauma and inhibit the generation of oxygen free radicals caused by chemical stimulation, which is beneficial to the repair of cardiomyocytes and improves functional status.

Strengthen the reconstruction effect of high-energy groups in cells and maintain the toughness of red blood cells

Improve myocardial ischemia

It has significant multiple functions in regulating human metabolism.

Strengthen respiratory muscles

Not for intramuscular or intravenous injection

It is used for various symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia, such as angina, myocardial infarction and heart failure, and hypophosphatemia that occurs in chronic diseases.

Urinary occult blood, hemochromuria, hematuria, hypernatremia, and hypokalemia are occasionally seen, and lactic acidosis may occur during large doses and rapid intravenous infusion.

It is prohibited for those allergic to fructose diphosphate, hyperphosphatemia, and renal failure.

Not compatible with alkaline drugs and calcium supplements

Used for hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic dehydration caused by various reasons, hypertonic non-ketotic diabetic coma, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis

Some injection solvents

For external use, it can be used to rinse eyes, wounds, etc.

Concentrated sodium chloride injection is mainly used for water intoxication and severe hyponatremia caused by various reasons.

Concentrated sodium chloride injection (3%-10%) cannot be directly injected intravenously or instilled. It should be diluted with liquid before application.

Use with caution in edematous diseases

Used to prevent and treat hypokalemia and treat frequent and multisource premature contractions or tachyarrhythmias caused by digitalis poisoning.

The concentration of intravenous potassium supplementation generally does not exceed 40mmol/L (0.3%), and the drip rate should not exceed 750mg/h (10mmol/h).

microelectronics disorder

The kidney's function of eliminating potassium in the elderly is reduced, and hyperkalemia is more likely to occur when using potassium salts.

Do not give intramuscular or intravenous injection

It is used for arrhythmias caused by hypokalemia, hypokalemia and digitalis poisoning, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, myocarditis sequelae caused by myocardial metabolic disorders, chronic cardiac insufficiency, acute jaundice hepatitis, liver cell dysfunction and acute and chronic Adjuvant treatment for hepatitis

Intravenous infusion should be done slowly. Too fast an intravenous infusion rate can cause hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia, nausea, vomiting, vascular pain, facial flushing, decreased blood pressure, and occasionally slowed heart rate.

Large doses may cause diarrhea

Hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, and calcium channel blocker poisoning (abnormal cardiac function)

Tetany, intestinal colic, and ureteral colic caused by hypocalcemia

Rescue magnesium salt poisoning

"Hungry Bone Syndrome" after Hyperparathyroidism Surgery

allergic diseases

As a cardiotonic agent, used in cardiac resuscitation

When patients with dehydration or hypokalemia have electrolyte imbalance, they should first correct the hypokalemia and then correct the low calcium to avoid increasing myocardial stress.

Calcium chloride is highly irritating and should not be injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly. During intravenous injection, it should be diluted with 10%-25% glucose injection and injected slowly. The speed should not exceed 50mg/min. You should lie down after injection to avoid dizziness; if If the liquid leaks out of the blood vessel during injection, it should be stopped immediately, sodium chloride injection should be used for local flushing, hydrocortisone and 1% lidocaine injection should be given locally, and hot compress or elevation of the affected limb should be performed

abnormal electrocardiogram

electrolyte imbalance

For metabolic acidosis, to alkalize body fluids or urine

For patients with arrhythmia caused by hyperkalemia or procainamide accompanied by acidemia

It should not exceed 300ml/h to avoid alkalosis, hypokalemia or hypocalcemia.

It is generally not advisable to dilute with 0.9% sodium chloride injection to avoid the formation of a hypertonic solution.

Alcoholics may develop lactic acidosis and should not be corrected with this product.

Use with caution in those with high blood pressure and heart, liver and kidney dysfunction.

Use with caution in those with hypoxia, alcoholism, salicylic acid poisoning, diabetic ketosis and the elderly.

Pharmacological effects

Clinical application

Taboo

Enteral nutrition emulsion TPF-D

Enteral nutrition solution TPF-T

Enteral nutrition suspension TP-TW

Enteral nutrition suspension II (TP)

Enteral nutrition emulsion TP-HE

Compound Amino Acid Injection 18AA

Amino acid preparations for liver disease

Amino Acid Preparations for Kidney Disease

Amino acid preparations for traumatic brain injury

Immunomodulatory Amino Acid Injection

Amino acid preparation for trauma (stress)