1. Menopause--the earliest and most important symptom of pregnancy

2. Early pregnancy reaction - women experience morning nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, drowsiness, fatigue, salivation, preference for sour foods or partial eclipse around 6 weeks after menopause, which usually disappear naturally around 12 weeks of pregnancy.

3. Frequent urination - caused by the enlarged uterus compressing the bladder in early pregnancy. The symptoms disappear around 12 weeks.

4. Other symptoms - mild breast swelling and pain, nipple tingling

1. Skin - Pigmentation can be seen on the face, abdominal line alba and areola

2. Breast - Montessori nodules

3. Gynecological examination - Black plus sign: The uterus gradually enlarges and becomes soft with the menopausal months, the isthmus of the uterus is extremely soft, and the body of the uterus and the cervix do not seem to be connected.

1. Pregnancy test-urine hcG

2. Ultrasound examination - the gold standard - at 6 weeks of pregnancy, the embryo and primitive heart tube pulses can be seen, indicating a viable fetus.

At 20 weeks of pregnancy, the fetal body in the uterus can be palpated through the abdominal wall.

At 24 weeks of pregnancy, the four-part palpation method can be used to distinguish the fetal head, fetal buttocks, fetal back and fetal limbs, and initially determine the fetal pattern, fetal presentation, and fetal position.

Longitudinal production type: two axes parallel

Horizontal production type: two axes vertical

Oblique production: two axes crossed

Estimate for the expected date of delivery: starting from the first day of the last menstrual period, subtract 3 or add 9 to the month, and add 7 to the date

1.Abdominal examination

2.Pelvis measurement

① Pregnant women often have irregular uterine contractions before labor starts - false labor

②Features

① In the third trimester of pregnancy, as the fetal presentation descends into the pelvis and the fundus of the uterus descends, most pregnant women will feel that the upper abdomen is more comfortable than the front and their breathing is brisk.

② Pregnant women often experience symptoms of frequent urination due to the fetus being exposed first into the pelvis and compressing the bladder.

24-48 hours before delivery, the fetal membranes near the internal cervical opening of the pregnant woman separate from the uterine wall there. After the capillaries rupture, a small amount of blood is discharged through the vagina. Due to the mixing of the mucus in the cervical canal, it becomes light-blooded mucus, which is called redness. , is a sign that labor is about to begin.

If the amount of vaginal bleeding reaches or exceeds menstrual flow, placenta previa or placental abruption should be considered