sperm capacitation

Acrosome reaction: The mature egg meets the capacitated sperm in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. The sperm acrosome ectoplast ruptures and releases acrosome enzyme, which dissolves the egg's corona radiata and zona pellucida.

Zona pellucida reaction: The sperm passes through the corona radiata and the zona pellucida, and comes into contact with the surface of the egg. The structure of the egg's zona pellucida changes, preventing other sperm from entering the zona pellucida.

Fertilization definition: The process by which sperm and egg combine to form a fertilized egg. It usually occurs within 12 hours after ovulation and usually does not exceed 24 hours.

Morula: Approximately 3 days after fertilization, it divides into a solid cell mass of 16 cells.

Definition: The process by which a late-stage blastocyst implants into the endometrium

Time: starts around 6-7 days after fertilization and ends on 10-12 days

Three stages of implantation: positioning, adhesion, and invasion

Conditions for completing implantation:

structure

Function

Composed of chorion and amniotic membrane

The umbilical cord of a full-term infant is 30-100cm long, with an average of 55cm.

There is a powerful umbilical vein and two small umbilical arteries.

Function: The fetus exchanges substances with the mother through the umbilical cord blood circulation.

Definition: Fluid that fills the amniotic cavity

source

Normal full-term pregnancy amniotic fluid volume is about 800ml

Function

1. Uterus

2. Ovary - slightly enlarged, ovulation and development of new follicles stopped

3. Fallopian tube

4. Vagina

5. Vulva - local congestion, skin thickening, and pigmentation on the labia majora during pregnancy

Early pregnancy - Breast enlargement and obvious congestion (nipples enlarge, turn black, become erect easily, areola is stained, peripheral sebaceous glands are enlarged and form scattered small bulges, called Montessori nodules)

Late pregnancy - milk may leak out when squeezing the breasts

1. Blood volume

2. Blood components

1. Heart - In the third trimester of pregnancy, the heart shifts to the left, upward, and forward, and the area of ​​cardiac dullness is slightly enlarged.

2. Cardiac output and blood volume

3. Blood pressure - supine hypotension syndrome

4. Venous pressure - increased venous pressure leads to an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis

①Surprise and shock

②ambivalence

③Accept

④Mood swings

⑤Introspection

①Stress during pregnancy

② Anxiety during pregnancy

③Depression during pregnancy

④Fear before childbirth

⑤Post-traumatic stress disorder