Learning is an individual's response under certain conditions, a habit acquired by an individual, and the connection between stimulus and response.

Focusing on the study of external behaviors of learning, it has guiding significance for the learning of declarative knowledge and skills.

Teachers can observe students' behavioral changes and timely strengthen support procedures is the teaching design

There are no particularly high requirements on learners’ cognitive processing and the richness of the learning environment.

American psychologist John Watson

Stimulus response and the connection between the two

Allow students to respond correctly to stimuli, break down learning materials into several small steps that can be mastered in sequence during teaching, and provide feedback at each step to help students complete the final learning goals.

Learning is an individual's knowledge, discrimination, and understanding of things. The process of acquiring new knowledge, in which the individual cognitive structure will change

More suitable for tasks that require higher cognitive processing, such as the derivation and simple application of problem-solving technical rules.

In teaching practice, it is emphasized to provide appropriate problem situations according to students' existing psychological structures and support information processing teaching design.

It places higher demands on learners’ cognitive processing abilities.

Teach problem-solving techniques and deduction of rules

Derivation and simple application

It emphasizes student-centeredness and the significance of students actively constructing knowledge in the learning process. For example, in situational learning that is closer to reality, new knowledge is constructed based on the individual's original experience, psychological structure and beliefs, and the new knowledge is given a meaning of personal understanding.

Suitable for the learning and mastering of complex knowledge in ill-structured fields and some tasks that require high cognitive processing, such as complex problem solving, selection and regulation of cognitive strategies

Use modern information technology to create scenarios for students, design appropriate tasks or questions, guide students to explore independently and cooperatively, and support the design of inquiry-based learning activities.

Learners must have strong cognitive skills and self-control capabilities. The learning environment must fully demonstrate the complexity of the problem and provide sufficient materials and tools for data analysis and manipulation.

situation

cooperation

session

meaning construction

Emphasis on student-centeredness

Emphasis on the important role of context in meaning construction

Emphasize the key role of meaning learning in meaning construction

Emphasize the design of learning environment rather than teaching environment

Emphasis on using various information resources to support learning rather than teaching

Emphasize that the ultimate goal of the learning process is to complete meaning construction rather than to complete teaching goals

"Assimilation" can only explain foreign objective structures with the help of existing cognitive structures and incorporate this explanation into existing cognition. within the structural system

"Accommodating" only the existing cognitive structure is not enough to explain the external objective structure, but you need to change yourself to understand and accept the objective structure.

Learning is the learner’s active construction of new knowledge

Learning is the learner's meaningful construction of new knowledge

Learning is a process in which learners take initiative in social activities and construct meaningful external objective structures.

Constructivism is a further development from behaviorism to cognitivism in learning theory. He inherited several ideas from past cognitive psychology, such as Piaget's genetic epistemology. Vygotsky's social psychological thought. In addition, there is the cognitive discovery science of American psychologist Bruner.

The goal of paying careful attention to teaching is to help learners acquire these things and their characteristics, and to internalize external objective things and internal cognitive structures.

Constructivism emphasizes students' cooperation, emphasizes the importance of peers, and focuses on learning to learn, that is, acquiring the ability to learn, which is not limited to subject knowledge, but can organize teaching materials from multiple angles.

Learning task complexity

learner's cognitive level

The richness of the learning environment

Three educational beliefs to believe in

For the first time, he proposed the idea that success is the mother of success.

Three elements for successful education

three stages of success

Trinity of success

The logical relationship of successful education research