MindMap Gallery holistic view of skull
Clinical Medicine Undergraduate Anatomy, the holistic view of the skull refers to treating the skull as a whole, observing and understanding its shape, structure and function from various angles and levels.
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This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
holistic view of skull
top view
Oval, narrow in front and wide in back, smooth and convex
coronal suture
sagittal suture
(There are often small holes on both sides of the back part, namely the top hole)
herringbone seam
rear view
Herringbone sutures and occipital scales
inner view
Anterior cranial fossa (one plate with multiple holes)
composition
Composed of the orbital part of the frontal bone, the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, and the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
structure
crest
Sieve plate
Ehmoid foramen (I olfactory nerve)
Middle cranial fossa (seven holes in one fossa)
composition
It is composed of the body of the sphenoid bone, the greater wing, and the petrous part of the temporal bone. Narrow in the middle and broad on both sides.
It is separated from the posterior cranial fossa by the upper edge of the petrous part of the temporal bone and the dorsum sellae.
structure
pituitary fossa
Optic canal (II optic nerve)
rupture hole
Internal carotid canal (internal carotid artery)
Superior orbital fissure (Ⅲ oculomotor nerve, Ⅳ trochlear nerve, Ⅴ1 ophthalmic nerve, Ⅵ abducens nerve)
Foramen rotundum (V2 maxillary nerve)
Foramen ovale (V3 mandibular nerve)
foramen spinosum (middle meningeal artery)
trigeminal nerve imprint
Posterior cranial fossa (one protuberance, two grooves and four holes)
composition
Mainly composed of the occipital bone and the posterior part of the petrous part of the temporal bone
constitute
foramen magnum
intraoccipital protuberance
Hypoglossal nerve canal (XII hypoglossal nerve)
transverse sinus groove
sigmoid sinus groove
Foramen of Jervis (internal jugular vein, Ⅸ glossopharyngeal nerve, Ⅹ vagus nerve, Ⅺ accessory nerve)
Inner ear gate (VII facial nerve, VIII vestibulocochlear nerve)
side view
Concha
mastoid
Zygomatic arch
Temporal fossa (above the zygomatic arch)
wing point
Location: Located in the front and lower part of the temporal fossa, about two fingers above the midpoint of the zygomatic arch
Composition: The H-shaped suture is formed by the confluence of the forehead, sphenoidal, parietal, and temporal bones.
Features: The bone plate is weak, and the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery passes through the inner surface.
Clinical significance: During fracture, the middle meningeal artery is easily injured and epidural hematoma is formed.
Infratemporal fossa (below the zygomatic arch)
four walls
The anterior wall is the body of the maxilla and the frontal bone
The inner wall is the lateral plate of the pterygoid process
mandibular ramus
Lower and posterior walls are missing
Connected
Communicates upward with the middle cranial fossa through the foramen ovale and foramen spinosum
Enter the orbit anteriorly through the infraorbital fissure
Inwardly through the pterygomaxillary fissure between the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone to the pterygopalatine fossa.
pterygopalatine fossa
Connected
Opening outward to the infratemporal fossa
Borrow the infraorbital fissure forward to connect to the orbit
The sphenopalatine foramen, formed by the palatine and sphenoid bones, opens inward to the nasal cavity.
Borrow the round hole backward to pass through the middle cranial fossa
Use the wing tube to connect to the outside of the skull base
It travels downward to the greater palatine canal and then passes through the greater palatine foramen to the oral cavity.
front view
forehead area
eyebrow arch
Deep frontal sinus
between eyebrows
Orbital (four-sided pyramid-shaped deep cavity with one tip, one base and four walls)
The optic canal that points posteriorly and medially opens into the middle cranial fossa
Floor (orbital mouth) Supraorbital notch or foramen (supraorbital neurovasculature) Infraorbital foramen (infraorbital neurovasculature)
four walls
Upper wall anterolateral lacrimal fossa, containing lacrimal gland
Medial wall lacrimal sac fossa, containing the lacrimal sac
Inferior wall Infraorbital fissure, infraorbital groove, infraorbital canal
Lateral wall superior orbital fissure
The bony nasal cavity (opens in the piriform foramen in the front, opens in the choanal aperture in the back, and opens into the pharyngeal cavity) Divided into left and right halves by the nasal septum
The space between the superior turbinate and the sphenoid bone is called the sphenoethmoidal recess.
There is a sphenopalatine foramen behind the middle turbinate, which leads to the pterygopalatine fossa.
paranasal sinuses
Frontal sinus, deep surface of eyebrow arch
Opening: Ehmoid funnel in front of middle meatus
ethmoid sinus within the ethmoid labyrinth
Opening: The anterior and middle groups open into the middle meatus, and the posterior group opens into the superior meatus.
Sphenoid sinus inside the sphenoid bone
Opening: Sphenoethmoidal recess
maxillary sinus maxillary body
Opening: Half-lunar hiatus of middle meatus
The ostium of the sinus is higher than the floor of the sinus, so when fluid accumulates in the sinus, it is difficult to drain in the upright position.
bony oral cavity
External appearance (understanding)
Characteristics of the newborn's skull
The brain is large in size, and the facial and cranium ratio is ≈1:7 (adult 1:4).
The ossification center of the skull is obviously developed and appears pentagonal when viewed from the top of the skull.
The frontal sinuses are not yet developed, and the eyebrow arch and glabella are not obvious.
cranial fontanelle
Anterior fontanel (closed at 1-2 years of age)
posterior fontanelle
butterfly fontanelle
mastoid fontanelle