Turbidity, swelling, and granular changes

Increased water content, swollen cells, loose and lightly stained cytoplasm, vacuoles and fine particles

Increased lipid accumulation in non-adipocytes

A large number of lipid droplets and vacuoles with neat edges in the cytoplasm

Intracellular hyalinization: round red-stained droplets

Hyalinization of connective tissue: lamellar beam-like, homogeneous red staining

Hyalinization of blood vessel walls (arteriosclerosis): thickening and uniform red staining

Accumulation of protein-mucopolysaccharide complexes in the interstitium and amyloid color reaction

Starch Iodine=tan

Accumulation of mucopolysaccharides and proteins in the body

The interstitium becomes loose and has a light blue myxoid matrix.

hemosiderin

lipofuscin

melanin

dystrophic calcification

metastatic calcification

Localized cell death of varying scope in vivo, the plasma membrane of dead cells disintegrates, the structure autolyzes, and triggers an inflammatory response

Identification of necrosis

Type of necrosis

Necrotic ending

The death of a single cell or a small group of cells in vivo. The plasma membrane of the dead cells does not rupture, does not trigger autolysis, and does not cause an acute inflammatory reaction.

Maltrophic atrophy: insufficient intake, excessive consumption

Ischemic atrophy: narrowing of brain gyri and widening of brain sulci

Compressive atrophy: hydronephrosis, extreme dilation of the renal pelvis, and extremely thin renal parenchyma

Denervated atrophy: poliomyelitis

Disuse atrophy: osteoporosis, fractures

endocrine atrophy: uterine atrophy

compensatory hypertrophy

endocrine hypertrophy

compensatory hyperplasia

endocrine hyperplasia

Squamous metaplasia

intestinal metaplasia