Plague has caused many large-scale epidemics in history, the most famous of which is the Black Death.

The Black Death in the 14th century led to a significant reduction in the European population and had a profound impact on the economy, culture and society of medieval Europe.

The Black Death spread rapidly and had a high mortality rate, which was a nightmare for people at that time.

Although its prevalence has declined in recent years, plague outbreaks still occur worldwide.

Plague is transmitted to humans primarily through flea bites.

Plague infection can also be spread through direct contact with infected animals or their secretions.

In rare cases, plague can be spread through respiratory droplets.

Japanese black rats and other rodents are the main hosts of plague, and they can carry Yersinia pestis without getting sick.

Fleas are the main vector of plague, biting infected rodents and then biting humans to transmit the pathogen.

Plague can also be spread through direct contact with infected animals or their secretions, especially close contact with plague-infected animals.

Plague spreads more widely in warm climates, crowded crowds, and poor sanitation.

Plague is more likely to spread in poor areas and places with poor medical conditions.

When Yersinia pestis enters the human body, it evades the host's immune response and reproduces rapidly.

Yersinia pestis mainly infects lymph nodes, causing lymph node swelling and necrosis formation.

Severe plague infection can lead to sepsis and multiple organ failure, ultimately leading to death.

Plague usually presents as plague lymphadenitis, which is swelling and necrosis of lymph nodes.

Patients may experience non-specific symptoms such as high fever, chills, headache, fatigue, and muscle pain.

Severe plague infection may lead to serious complications such as sepsis, respiratory failure, and renal failure.

Detect and handle animals infected with Y. pestis promptly to prevent its spread to humans.

Maintain good personal hygiene habits, including washing hands frequently and avoiding contact with infected animals and fleas.

Regularly clean and eliminate the habitats of rodents and other host animals to reduce the habitat of rat fleas.

Diagnose and treat infected people early to avoid the spread and recurrence of plague.

Carry out investigations into plague-endemic areas, understand epidemic trends, and take isolation and isolation measures in a timely manner.

Strengthen health education and publicity to improve public awareness of protection and hygiene habits.