Rats are the main vectors, especially black rats and brown rats

Fleas are spread by biting people or animals

The urine, feces, saliva and other secretions containing pathogens excreted by infected rodents become sources of transmission.

Droplets released by coughing or sneezing contain Yersinia pestis

It spreads easily in relatively closed and crowded environments.

Direct contact with blood, tissue or body fluids of an infected person

Contact with infected rodents and infected items.

Divided into human plague, pneumonic plague and bubonic plague

The incubation period is short, usually 2-7 days.

Without treatment, the mortality rate is as high as 50-60%

It is highly contagious and can quickly spread on a large scale.

Transmitted via respiratory tract

Transmitted through skin contact or direct contact with the source of infection

Spread through the digestive system.

Black rats and brown rats are the most common vectors of plague

Infected rodents carry pathogens in their urine, feces, saliva and other secretions.

Isolated cases and restricted areas

Rodent control and flea control

Provide personal and environmental hygiene education

Strengthen the use of protective equipment

Use rodenticides and veterinary drugs for prevention and control.

Effective plague vaccines are being developed, but there is currently no preventive vaccine available.

Yersinia pestis is the main pathogen causing human plague

Since the outbreak of the Black Death in Europe in the 14th century, plague has caused many large-scale epidemics.

Provide technical guidance and support

Promote international cooperation

Strengthen epidemic monitoring and reporting

Raise public awareness through education and advocacy

Initiate and support vaccine research and development efforts

Countries are encouraged to take effective prevention and control measures.