MindMap Gallery Histome blood and lymph
"Histology and Embryology"-Histoembryology-Nantong University Press, a detailed introduction to blood, lymph, Hematopoietic tissue and other important knowledge points.
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This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
blood and lymph
blood
composition
invisible components of blood
Plasma/equivalent to interstitium
pH: 7.3~7.4
Components
90% water
Plasma proteins (albumin, globulin, fibrinogen), lipoproteins, hormones, enzymes, inorganic salts and various nutritional metabolites
After the blood flows out of the blood vessel, the fibrinogen in the plasma will be converted into insoluble fibrin, and the formed components in the blood will be absorbed into the blood clot.
Proportion
Approximately 55% of blood volume
Formed components in blood
cell
red blood cells
color
Scarlet red when fresh
form
under scanning electron microscope
Biconcave disc shape
side view
dumbbell shape
diameter
7.5 micron
average life span
120d
Advantages of form
Increase cell surface area
Facilitates gas exchange
Facilitates the deformation of red blood cells through smaller diameter capillaries
red blood cell skeleton
form
disc shape
Features
Able to deform
Main ingredients
spectrin
actin
effect
Maintains the unique biconcave disc-like structure of red blood cells
Can be deformed and reshaped
Facilitates the deformation of red blood cells through smaller diameter capillaries
red blood cell membrane
a semipermeable membrane
Under normal circumstances, the osmotic pressure in red blood cells = the osmotic pressure of plasma
If the inside is greater than the outside
Absorb water and swell, causing hemolysis
The remaining cell membrane after the rupture of red blood cells is called a blood ghost
If the inside is smaller than the outside
Shrinkage due to water loss
Some proteins and sugar chains of red blood cells are antigenic
Material basis of blood cell blood group antigens
mature red blood cells
Features
No organelles, no nucleus
full of hemoglobin
Normal adult blood hemoglobin content
male
120~150g/L
female
110~140g/L
Anemia criteria
Red blood cells less than 3×10^12/L
Hemoglobin is less than 100g/L
effect
Provide oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide produced by metabolism
dynamic equilibrium
Where do aging red blood cells go?
where new red blood cells are produced
Reticulocytes
Features
ribosomes present
Brilliant tar blue staining shows a fine blue mesh
Existence 1~3d
Proportion
It accounts for about 0.5%~1.5% of the total number of red blood cells in adult blood, and it can reach 3%~6% in newborns.
Measurement of bone marrow hematopoietic function
leukocyte
platelets
source
Cytoplasmic fragments shed from bone marrow megakaryocytes
form
Double convex disc shape
On the smear, there are often irregularities due to chemical/mechanical stimulation.
gather in groups
diameter
2~4 microns
LM structure
transparent area
color
homogeneous light blue
Location
around platelets
granular area
color
Purple blue particles
Location
Central Department
EM structure
platelet cell coat
There are plasma proteins and various coagulation factors on it
transparent area
contain
microtubules, microfilaments
effect
Participate in the maintenance and deformation of platelet morphology
granular area
contain
Mitochondria
special particles
Also known as a particles
Features
Larger in size
Contains
Platelet coagulation factor IV, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), thrombospondin
Dense particles
Features
smaller
Contains
5-hydroxytryptamine, etc.
open canalicular system
Attached to platelet surface membrane
advantage
It is beneficial to increase the contact area between platelets and plasma, which is beneficial to material exchange.
dense tubule system
closed tubule
effect
Can collect calcium ions and synthesize prostaglandins
effect
Hemostasis and coagulation
Proportion
Approximately 45% of blood volume
Blood
definition
Measurement results of the form, quantity, percentage, and hemoglobin content of formed components in blood
Treatment of blood flowing out of blood vessels
Add anticoagulant, let stand or centrifuge to precipitate
Divided into three floors
upper layer
plasma
middle level
White blood cells/platelets
lower level
red blood cells
No anticoagulant added
upper layer
serum
lower level
blood clot
Staining method for observing blood under LM
Reiter's staining
Giemsa stain
lymph
composition
Lymph plasma
source
Exudate from the arterial end of capillaries
Lymphocytes
Unidirectionality
Flow from lymphatic capillaries to lymphatic ducts
Nature
side branches of blood circulation
maintain
Maintain the balance of tissue fluid throughout the body and play a role in filtration and defense
hematopoietic tissue
Where human primitive blood cells are produced
third week of embryo
blood islands in yolk sac wall
Sixth week of embryo
Intrahepatic hematopoietic stem cells
Week 12
Hematopoietic stem cells in spleen
late embryonic stage
Bone marrow is the main hematopoietic stem cell
hematopoietic stem cells
Multipotent hematopoietic stem cells
hematopoietic progenitor cells
Targeted hematopoietic stem cells