Purpose: To adapt to the physiological needs of organs and tissues or the need for metabolic enhancement

Example

inflammatory hyperemia

Congestion (ascites) after decompression

Oxygenated hemoglobin increases in the microcirculation, and the tissue color becomes bright red

Peripheral circulation blood perfusion increases, and organ tissue volume increases

Enhanced metabolism increases temperature and enhances functional activities

Congestion and dilation of local arterioles and capillaries

Enhance blood circulation and promote metabolism

Inflammatory defense (inflammatory hyperemia)

Arterial wall thickening (repeated attacks over a long period of time);

Headache, dizziness (meningeal congestion)

Blood vessel rupture and bleeding (occurs due to atherosclerosis/hypertension, etc.)

Such as tumor compression or too tight bandage (external pressure)

Such as intravenous thrombosis, embolism (internal plug)

Left heart failure - pulmonary congestion

Right heart failure - liver congestion

: The content of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood increases, the color of local tissues and organs is dark red, and the skin or mucous membranes appear blue-purple, which is called cyanosis.

Tissues and organs increase in size due to blood pooling

Local blood flow decreases, blood oxygen content decreases, metabolism slows down, and the temperature of local tissues and organs decreases.

Small veins and capillaries in the tissue dilate, and the cavities are filled with red blood cells

Cause: Left heart failure (most common)

mechanism: