Acts on the thick segment of the ascending branch of the medullary loop

Long-term use: Excrete more Cl than Na, causing hypochloric alkalosis.

Affects concentration and dilution

Dilate renal blood vessels, reduce renal vascular resistance, and increase renal blood flow

Dilate small veins, reduce left ventricular filling pressure, and reduce pulmonary edema

Expand blood vessels, reduce peripheral resistance, and reduce cardiac load

Pulmonary edema: Reduce blood volume, reduce blood return to the heart, and reduce left ventricular diastolic pressure

Cerebral edema: After diuresis, blood is concentrated and plasma osmotic pressure is increased, which is beneficial to the elimination of cerebral edema.

Dilate renal blood vessels, increase renal blood flow, and improve oliguria and renal ischemia in early stages of renal failure.

Flush the renal tubules to prevent atrophy and necrosis (disabled for anuria)

Eliminate potassium, diuresis, inhibit calcium ion reabsorption

Hypovolemia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia

Damage to cochlear duct basilar membrane hair cells

Not for use with aminoglycosides

temporary deafness

Post-urination blood volume decreases, extracellular fluid volume decreases, and uric acid reabsorption through renal tubules increases.

Competes with uric acid in the organic acid secretion pathway

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

allergic reaction

Increased discharge of Na, Cl, K, Mg, and HCO3

Enhance the reabsorption of Ca by the distal convoluted tubule and reduce urinary calcium excretion

Reduce uric acid excretion

Only affects the dilution step

Inhibits phosphodiesterase, increases the sAMP content in cells of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct, and improves the water permeability of the distal convoluted tubule.

Increase the excretion of sodium ions and chloride ions, resulting in a negative salt balance, resulting in a decrease in plasma osmotic pressure and reducing the patient's thirst.

Short term: Reduce blood volume

Long-term: Dilation of peripheral blood vessels

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, pituitary diabetes insipidus

Four hypo, metabolic alkalemia

Hyperlipidemia

Raise blood sugar

Reduce the volume of extracellular fluid and increase the reabsorption of uric acid by the proximal convoluted tubule

Decreased glomerular filtration rate