MindMap Gallery Physiology blood mind map
Mind map about physiology of blood, including blood volume, composition and physical and chemical properties of blood, plasma, blood cells, etc. The introduction is detailed and the description is comprehensive. I hope it can help interested friends learn.
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blood
Blood volume Composition and physical and chemical properties of blood
The composition of blood volume
Blood volume refers to the total blood volume of the human body, accounting for 7% to 8% of body weight.
blood composition
Blood is composed of plasma and white blood cells
leukocyte
red blood cells
leukocyte
platelets
The volume percentage of white blood cells in whole blood is called hematocrit
Physical and chemical properties
Blood color: bright red arteries, dark red veins
Blood specific gravity (relative density) whole blood 1.050~1.060 plasma 1.025~1.030
The viscosity of blood: The viscosity of blood is 4 to 5 times that of water
pH value (normal pH value is 7.35-7.45. Acidosis below 7.35. Alkalosis above 7.45. Life-threatening below 6.9 and above 7.8.
Plasma osmotic pressure: 300mmol/L 770kPa
plasma
Plasma components and their effects
Water 91%-92%
protein
Albumin - maintains colloid osmotic pressure (liver
globulin
fibrinogen
Inorganic salt
Electrolyte, Na, Cl- maintain crystal osmotic pressure
non-protein nitrogenous compounds
other ingredients
plasma osmolarity
Solutions with similar or equal plasma osmotic pressures Isotonic solutions (0.9% Nacl and 5% glucose solution
Solutions with an osmotic pressure lower than plasma Hypotonic solutions
Solutions with an osmotic pressure higher than plasma Hypertonic solutions
Physiological functions of plasma osmotic pressure
Crystal osmotic pressure: maintains the balance of water inside and outside the cell and maintains the normal volume of the cell (the ion volume inside and outside the cell is 3.3kp
Colloidal osmotic pressure: maintains the balance of water inside and outside blood vessels and maintains normal plasma volume
blood cells
red blood cellsRBC
Normal adult male red blood cells are (4.5~5.5) ✖️10 12/L, and females (3.8~4.6✖️10 12/L. Hemoglobin content: male 120~160g/L, female 110~150g/L
Function: Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide Plasticity (deformability
Physiological properties: plasticity, suspension stability, osmotic fragility
Production and destruction: Iron production, the main raw material for protein synthesis of hemoglobin, maturation factors: folic acid and vitamin B12. Average lifespan of destruction is 120 days
Production regulation: erythropoietin, androgens
white blood cellsWBC
Normal 4.0~10.0✖️109/L
Main functions: phagocytosis, immunity, defense, protection
Classification and function
50%-70% neutrophils: engulf and kill bacteria
0-1% basophils: release heparin, histamine, slow reactants
1-4% eosinophils: phagocytosis, inhibiting histamine release
No granulocytes: 20-40% lymphocytes participate in cellular immunity and humoral immunity 3-8% of monocytes phagocytose bacteria, senescent red blood cells, and participate in specific immunity
platelets
Normal value 100-300✖️109/L
Physiological properties
stick
gather
freed
shrink
Adsorption
Physiological function
Maintain endothelial integrity (prevent bleeding
Participate in physiological hemostasis and coagulation
Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis
blood clotting
clotting factor
blood clotting process
Formation of prothrombin activator
thrombin formation
fibrin formation
Anticoagulant system contains anticoagulant substances antithrombin and heparin
fibrinolysis
activation of plasminogen
Degradation of fibrin and fibrinogen
fibrinolysis inhibitor
anti-plasmin, anti-activin
Blood type and blood transfusion
The total blood volume of a normal adult is equivalent to 7-8% of body weight
blood type
ABO blood group system
A B AB O
Principles of cross-matching experiments and blood transfusions: Before blood transfusion, the blood type must be identified and cross-matching experiments must be performed.
Rh blood group system
Rh positive
Rh negative: lack of D agglutinogen on red blood cells