It is a general term for various proteins in plasma

Salting out method → ​​albumin, globulin, fibrin

Albumin/globulin (A/G) = (1.5-2.5): 1

Albumin and most globulin are produced by the liver → Whether the liver function is normal? When liver dysfunction occurs, the A/G ratio decreases, or even the ratio is inverted (cirrhosis)

Function

Inorganic salt: electrolyte (Na⁺, Cl⁻, K⁺, etc.): about 300mmo

Protein nitrogen-containing organic matter: amino acids (3.2-5.9mmol/L), urea (3.2-7.1mmol/L)

Non-protein nitrogen-free organic matter: glucose (3.9-6.1mmol/L)

generate

destroy

characteristic

Function: Transport O₂ and CO₂

Normal value: Adult male (4.0-5.5) × 10¹²/L Adult female (3.5-5.0) 10¹²/L

Normal value: (4.0-10.0)×10⁹/L

Classification

Normal value: (100-300)×10⁹/L

Function: ① Participate in physiological hemostasis ②Promote blood coagulation ③Maintain the integrity of blood vessel walls

Adult males (40%-50%)

Adult women (37%-48%)

Osmotic pressure formed by small molecular substances (NaCl, glucose, urea) in plasma. 80% of which is NaCl

Physiological significance: maintain water balance inside and outside cells and maintain normal cell morphology

Pathological significance: Sodium pump dysfunction leads to cellular edema (increased intracellular fluid)

Hypertonic solution - 20% glucose → hangover relief (relief)

isotonic solution

hypotonic solution

Osmotic pressure formed by colloidal substances in plasma

Physiological significance: maintain water balance inside and outside blood vessels and maintain blood volume

Pathological significance: hypoalbuminemia causes edema (increased tissue fluid)

Liver, kidney disease or malnutrition → Plasma protein ↓ → Plasma colloid osmotic pressure ↓ → Transfer of water molecules to tissue fluid → Edema