vasoconstriction

Platelet thrombus formation

blood clotting

The process by which blood changes from a flowing liquid state to an immobile gel state

14 kinds

FⅣCa2, the rest are proteins

2, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 and prekallikrein are all serine proteases

3, 5, and 8 act as cofactors

All exist in plasma except III

2, 7, 9, and 10 rely on vitamin K (all contain gamma carboxyglutamic acid)

Anticoagulant effect of vascular endothelium

Fibrin adsorption

Physiological anticoagulant substances

The type of specific antigen on the red blood cell membrane, which is a polymorphic antigen controlled by germline genes

Nature

Agglutinogens (determined by antigenic determinants) – sugars (postnatal), peptides (prenatal)

Lectins (gamma-globulins, found in plasma)

Types

Antigen - the sugar chain contained in the glycoprotein or glycolipid on the red blood cell membrane

Antibodies - natural (IgM), immune type (IgG)

chromosome 9

Identification - forward (anti-red), reverse stereotypes

chromosome 1

The specificity of the antigen depends on the amino acid sequence of the protein

Contains anti-D-positive (the antigen only exists on the red blood cell membrane)

Difference (ABO)

① Blood type must be identified ② Repeated blood transfusions require attention ③ Cross-matching test - main donor (red) - recipient (clear)

First, f12 binds to the surface of the foreign body, activates 11, and starts internal coagulation.