1958, H. A. Simon, Allen Newell: "Within ten years, a digital computer will become the world chess champion."

1965, H. A. Simon: “Within twenty years, machines will be able to do everything that humans can do.”

1967, Marvin Minsky: “Within a generation…the problem of creating ‘artificial intelligence’ will be substantially solved.”

1970, Marvin Minsky: “In three to eight years we will have a machine with average human intelligence.”

Artificial neural networks were proposed in the 1930s and 1950s. In 1951, Marvin Minsky built the first neural network machine.

Bellman's formula (prototype of reinforcement learning) was proposed

Perceptron (prototype of deep learning) was proposed

search reasoning was proposed

Natural language was proposed

It was first proposed that artificial intelligence has the characteristics of imitating intelligence, knowing how to use language, forming abstract concepts and solving existing human problems.

The chess program developed by Arthur Samuel in the mid-1950s and early 1960s can already challenge amateurs of considerable level.

Project SHAKEY, a robot that can "reason" about its own behavior, has been heavily publicized; it is seen as the world's first general-purpose robot

The proposal of micro world

Computer computing power encounters bottlenecks and cannot solve the complex calculation problems of exponential explosion.

Common sense and reasoning require a lot of information about the world, and computers cannot reach the point of "understanding" and "understanding"

Moravec's paradox cannot be solved

Unable to solve some logical problems involving automatic planning

Neural network researchers have been left out

The birth of expert systems

AI researchers find intelligence may need to be built on multiple methods of processing large amounts of classified knowledge

The BP algorithm has achieved a breakthrough in neural network training, and neural network researchers have regained attention.

AI researchers proposed for the first time that in order for a machine to achieve true intelligence, it must have a body. It needs to have the ability to perceive, move, survive, and interact with the world. Perceptual motor skills are crucial to high-level skills such as common sense reasoning. The ability to reason about things is more important than abstract ability, which also promotes the future development of natural language and machine vision.

Influenced by the impact of desktop computers and the concept of the “personal computer”

The pursuit and neglect of AI by business organizations has turned AI into a bubble and burst.

Computer performance bottleneck still cannot be overcome

Still lack of massive data training machines

1997: IBM's chess robot Deep Blue defeats world chess champion Garry Kasparov

2005: A robot developed by Stanford successfully drove 131 miles autonomously on a desert trail and won the first prize in the DARPA Challenge;

2006: Geoffrey Hinton proposed the deep learning algorithm of multi-layer neural network; Eric Schmidt proposed the concept of "cloud computing" at the Search Engine Conference

2010: Google’s self-driving car led by Sebastian Thrun was exposed and set a record of more than 160,000 kilometers without accidents.

2011: IBM Watson participated in the intellectual game "Jeopardy!" and defeated the highest prize winner Brad Rutter and the winning streak holder Ken Jennings; Apple released the voice personal assistant Siri; Nest Lab released the first-generation smart thermostat Nest. It learns the user's habits and automatically adjusts the temperature accordingly

2012: Google launches personal assistant Google Now

2013: Deep learning algorithms achieve breakthroughs in speech and visual recognition rates

2014: Microsoft Research Asia released the artificial intelligence XiaoIce chatbot and voice assistant Cortana; Baidu released the Deep Speech speech recognition system

2015: Facebook releases “M,” a text-based AI assistant

2016: Google AlphaGo defeated Go player Lee Sedol with a score of 4:1; the concept of Chatbots became popular; Google released the first-generation dedicated chip TPU customized for machine learning; Google released the voice assistant Assistant

2017: AlphaGO defeated masters from all over the world with 60 consecutive victories on the Go online battle platform; Google's open source deep learning system Tensorflow 1.0 was officially released; Google AlphaGo defeated the world's number one Go nine-dan player Ke Jie with a score of 3:0; silently devoted to machine learning and machine vision Apple released Core ML, ARKit and other components at WWDC; Google released ARCore SDK; Baidu AI Developer Conference officially released Dueros voice system, driverless platform Apollo1.0 autonomous driving platform; Huawei released the world's first AI mobile chip Kirin 970; iPhone Achieved 600 billion operations