MindMap Gallery pressure and buoyancy
This is a mind map about pressure and buoyancy. The force acting vertically on the surface of an object is called pressure. The direction of pressure is perpendicular to the force-bearing surface and points toward the force-bearing object. The point of action of pressure is on the surface of the force-bearing object.
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Pressure and application
pressure
definition:
The force acting perpendicularly to the surface of an object is called pressure
direction:
Perpendicular to the force-bearing surface and directed toward the force-bearing object
Point of action:
on the surface of a force-bearing object
pressure
definition:
The ratio of the pressure on an object to the area on which it is subjected is called pressure
formula:
P=F/s
unit:
Pascal, abbreviation: Bo, symbol: Pa
solid pressure
Calculation formula:
P=F/s
Ways to increase (or decrease) pressure:
When the stress area is constant, increase (or decrease) the pressure; when the pressure is constant, decrease (or increase) the stress area
liquid pressure
cause:
Liquid is produced by gravity
Features
The pressure inside a liquid increases with depth
At the same depth, the pressure of a liquid is equal in all directions
At the same depth of different liquids, the greater the density of the liquid, the greater the pressure
atmospheric pressure
cause:
produced due to the effect of gravity on the atmosphere
Change pattern:
Atmospheric pressure decreases as altitude increases, and atmospheric pressure is also related to weather
Standard atmospheric pressure:
Standard atmospheric pressure is equivalent to the pressure generated by a 760mm high mercury column, which is approximately 100000Pa.
Measuring tools:
Barometer
The relationship between boiling point and air pressure:
As the air pressure increases, the boiling point increases; as the air pressure decreases, the boiling point decreases
The relationship between fluid pressure and flow rate: In gases and liquids, where the flow rate is greater, the pressure is smaller
Buoyancy and its applications
definition
An object immersed in a liquid or gas is pushed upward by the liquid or gas. This force is called buoyancy.
direction
straight up
size
F float = G displacement = ρ liquid gV displacement (Archimedes’ principle)
The floating and sinking of objects
Floating and sinking conditions
When F float > G object (or ρ liquid > ρ object), the object floats
When F float = G object (or ρ liquid = ρ object), the object is suspended
When F floating < G object (or ρ liquid < ρ object), the object sinks
Change the way you float and sink
Change the density of a liquid
Change the volume of liquid displaced by an object
Change the gravity of an object
Basic method of calculating buoyancy
Weighing method:
F float=G object-F expression
Principle method:
F float = G liquid discharge = ρ liquid gV discharge
Two force balance method:
When the object is in a floating or suspended state, F float = G object
Pressure difference method:
F float = F up - F down
Change the buoyancy force on an object