Minimum alveolar concentration (MAc)

blood/gas distribution coefficient

brain/blood distribution coefficient

The alveoli are excreted in their original form; those with low brain/blood and blood/gas distribution coefficients are easily carried away by the blood and wake up quickly.

High fat solubility, strong anesthetic effect

General anesthetics integrate into the lipid layer of cell membranes and broadly inhibit the transmission of nerve impulses.

Inhibit excitatory synapses and enhance inhibitory synapses (GABA)

Loss of consciousness, analgesia, and amnesia

Loss of consciousness and feeling

Divided into four levels; general surgeries are performed at the third level, and the amount of surgery required at the fourth level is reduced.

Stop medication, rescue

Colorless and volatile

Curare-like effect → muscle relaxation

Long anesthesia induction period and recovery period

Special odor → stimulates tracheal mucus secretion and causes aspiration pneumonia

Flammable and explosive → rarely used clinically

Unstable; neither flammable nor explosive at clinical concentrations

Small blood/gas distribution coefficient, short anesthesia induction period, and quick recovery

Dilate cerebral blood vessels, increase intracranial pressure; increase sensitivity to CA, induce arrhythmia

Causes uterine relaxation and induces postpartum hemorrhage → contraindicated in patients with dystocia/cesarean section

Repeated use may occasionally cause hepatitis and liver necrosis.

isomers of each other

Short induction period, quick recovery, easy adjustment of anesthesia depth, and good muscle relaxation

Does not increase myocardial sensitivity to catecholamines

Repeated action has no side effects on the liver

Mainly used for anesthesia maintenance

Advantages: short induction period and rapid recovery

Disadvantages: Because the required concentration is too high, it can irritate the respiratory tract and cause coughing, respiratory arrest, and laryngeal spasm.

Suitable for anesthesia maintenance in adults/children

Little impact on cardiopulmonary function Short induction period of anesthesia and quick recovery It is currently widely used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in in-hospital and outpatient surgeries for adult and pediatric patients.

Most of them are exhaled through the lungs in their original form.

Non-flammable, non-explosive, non-irritating, short induction period, fast recovery, low anesthetic efficacy, strong analgesic effect

Mainly used for inducing anesthesia in combination with other general anesthetics

Quick onset of effect; short maintenance time

Induction anesthesia, basic anesthesia, incision and drainage of abscesses, closed reduction of fractures and dislocations, and other short-term surgeries

Newborns, infants and young children (suppression of respiratory center) Bronchial asthma (can induce spasm of the larynx and bronchial tubes)

Causes confusion, short-term memory loss, complete loss of pain, dreams and increased muscle tone