Trifluorochlorobromoethane, F3C-CHBRCL

Colorless, clear and easy-flowing liquid, non-flammable and explosive. It can slowly decompose when exposed to light, heat and moist air.

Used for general anesthesia and induction anesthesia, but may cause some damage to the liver

F3C-CHCL-O-CHF2, 1-chloro-2,2,2-trichloroethyl difluoromethyl ether

Ethers, stable and non-toxic

It has a mild inhibitory effect on myocardium and does not increase sensitivity to the adrenal gland. It has a muscle relaxing effect and enhances non-depolarizing muscle relaxation (tubocurarine).

It has chiral carbon atoms and is optically active. The dextrorotary form is highly active, but its racemate in vitro

Ketamine is primarily metabolized to the active norketamine

Anesthesia has a short effect and is prone to hallucinations. It is abused as a drug and belongs to the management of Class I psychotropic drugs.

Also known as sodium oxybate, white crystalline powder, hygroscopic, easily soluble in water

The anesthetic effect is weak, but the toxicity is low. It is used together with other anesthetics or tranquillizers to induce anesthesia and maintain anesthesia.

Management of Class I psychotropic drugs

In necessary parts, effective local anesthesia is mostly benzene rings or aromatic heterocycles with different substituents. The activity of aromatic heterocycle substitution is less than that of benzene ring substitution.

The effect of introducing electron-donating groups on the benzene ring is enhanced, while the effect of introducing electron-withdrawing groups is weakened.

The duration and intensity of anesthetic effects are related to

Usually the amino part

The molecule contains ester bonds and is easily hydrolyzed. After hydrolysis, para-aminobenzoic acid and diethylaminoethanol are generated, and the local anesthetic effect disappears.

Under certain conditions, para-aminobenzoic acid can be further decarboxylated into toxic aniline

It has primary aromatic amine groups and is easily oxidized and discolored.

Local anesthetic, stronger effect, less toxic, shorter effect

It is mainly used clinically for infiltration anesthesia and conduction anesthesia. Due to its poor penetrating power, it is generally not used for topical anesthesia.

This product has an n-butyl group attached to the nitrogen atom of the primary aromatic amine group, making it a secondary amine.

The structure does not contain primary aromatic amine groups, and is generally not easily oxidized and discolored, and cannot be identified by diazotization coupling reaction.

Hydrolyzability is similar to procaine, but slightly slower

The anesthetic effect is 10-15 times stronger than that of procaine, with strong penetrating power and rapid effect, but it is also highly toxic.

Mostly used for mucosal anesthesia and epidural anesthesia

Contains an amide bond. There are two methyl groups adjacent to the amide bond, creating steric positions that hinder its hydrolysis. Therefore, this product is relatively stable to acids and alkalis, and is difficult to hydrolyze under normal conditions.

It has a strong anesthetic effect, twice that of procaine, with strong penetrating power and fast onset of action. It is considered an ideal local anesthetic and is used for various anesthesia and in the treatment of arrhythmias (Class IB).