MindMap Gallery Anesthesia
Mind map of anesthetics: including general anesthetics, central nervous system, loss of conscious sensory reflexes, nerve endings, nerve trunks, consciousness, loss of local sensation, pharmacological effects, local anesthetic effects (temporary, complete, reversible), blocking sequence (pain sensation) ——cold sense——warm sense——touch——pressure——motor paralysis) etc.
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This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Narcotics
general anesthetic
Loss of central nervous system and conscious sensory reflexes
local anesthetic
Nerve endings, nerve trunks, clear consciousness, loss of local sensation
Pharmacological effects
Local anesthesia (temporary, complete, reversible)
Blocking sequence (pain - cold - temperature - touch - pressure - motor paralysis)
Antiarrhythmic (partial)
Eg.Procaine
Severe ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation caused by cardiac glycosides
Clinical application
topical anesthesia
Infiltration anesthesia
conduction anesthesia (block anesthesia)
Subarachnoid anesthesia (spinal anesthesia, spinal anesthesia)
Epidural anesthesia (epidural anesthesia)
regional analgesia
Commonly used local anesthetics
Procaine
Features
Local anesthesia is weak
Weak mucosal penetration
Injection only works
Short-acting local anesthetic takes effect within 1 to 3 minutes after injection and lasts for 30 to 45 minutes.
Clinical application
Infiltration anesthesia
Spinal anesthesia, epidural anesthesia, nerve block anesthesia
Not for use in topical anesthesia
Allergic reactions may occur - skin test required
Tetracaine
Features
Long-acting local anesthetic, strong penetration into skin and mucous membranes
It is 10 times more effective than procaine and 10 to 12 times more toxic.
Clinical application
Ophthalmology, otolaryngology mucosal surface anesthesia
Conductive anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, epidural anesthesia
Dosage needs to be strictly controlled
Infiltration anesthesia is not available
Prevent absorption poisoning
lidocaine
Features
Moderately effective local anesthetic
Quick onset of effect
Strong penetrating power
The intensity and duration of anesthesia are between procaine and tetracaine
Clinical application
Used for various local anesthesia
Universal local anesthetic
Bupivacaine
Features
Local anesthesia is 4 to 5 times stronger than lidocaine
Long duration of action, up to 5~10 hours
Clinical application
Infiltration anesthesia, conduction anesthesia, epidural anesthesia
Strong cardiotoxicity
Not for use in topical anesthesia