Application of physiology in clinical anesthesia, emergency resuscitation, critical illness detection, and pain treatment

The impact of anesthesia and surgery on various life activity patterns of the body

extracellular fluid

meaning

maintain

significance

The description of "causing bleeding, pain and emotional distress" is incorrect

produce stress response

Cause bleeding and initiate physiological hemostatic response

causing pain and emotional stress

Local accumulation of inflammatory cells

Increased reflex skeletal muscle contraction

General anesthesia produces sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation

Spinal anesthesia mainly blocks the spinal nerves, causing the autonomic, sensory and motor nerve functions of the corresponding control areas to be inhibited or even disappeared.

Different anesthetic methods and anesthetic drugs, while producing anesthetic effects, may have adverse effects on the homeostasis of the internal environment and the physiological functions of important organ systems such as breathing and circulation.

Rapid, precise, limited, short-lived

gastric secretion

slow, persistent, diffuse

remote secretory regulation

Paracrine regulation (local humoral regulation)

autocrine regulation

neuromodulation

When the pressure in the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus increases, it stretches the smooth muscle of the afferent arteriole, triggering its contraction, shortening the diameter of the afferent arteriole, and maintaining the normal glomerular filtration rate.

Once metabolism stops, life activities will stop, so it is the most basic characteristic of the body's life activities.

Excitable cells or tissues

Stimulation conditions that cause the body to react

threshold

physiological adaptation

behavioral adaptation

Aging of the structural components of the human body

Decreased number of cells

Decreased body organ function

Functional changes and gradual decline in adaptability to the internal environment

Negative feedback