MindMap Gallery Narcotic analgesics
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This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Narcotic analgesics
Classification
Analgesics that stimulate opiate receptors
morphine
Pethidine
Also known as: Demerol
Pharmacological effects
Analgesic effects appear within 10 minutes of intramuscular injection and peak at 2 hours
The analgesic effect is 1/10-1/8 of morphine
Clinical application
Used for all kinds of severe pain
Visceral colic must be combined with atropine
Adverse reactions
Respiratory depression, drowsiness
blood pressure drops
Fentanyl and its derivatives
Fentanyl
internal processes
Intravenous injection takes effect in 1 minute, peaks in 4 minutes, and analgesia lasts for 30-60 minutes
Liver metabolism, renal excretion
Pharmacological effects
U-opioid receptor agonist
Ultra-short-acting analgesic, 80-100 times stronger than morphine
No histamine release
clinical effects
Anesthesia auxiliary drugs and intravenous anesthesia
Adverse reactions
Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, myotonia, cramps
Fast intravenous injection and large dose
Respiratory depression
sufentanil
The strongest analgesic effect
High lipophilicity
The analgesia is 5-10 times that of fentanyl
Lasts twice as long as fentanyl
Cardiovascular status is stable
Adverse reactions
Rapid intravenous infusion can cause chest wall and abdominal wall muscle stiffness and affect ventilation.
Repeated large-dose injections, respiratory depression occurs 3-4 hours later
remifentanil
Rapid onset of action and rapid disappearance of drug effects
Spontaneous breathing can be restored after 3-5 minutes of intravenous injection.
Hydrolyzed by non-specific cholinesterase and excreted by the kidneys
Not dependent on liver and kidney function
other
Oxycodone
hydromorphone
Opioid receptor partial agonists with analgesic effects
Butorphanol
The analgesic effect is 3-7 times that of morphine
Causes increased blood pressure and heart rate
increase heart load
Adverse reactions
Drowsiness, respiratory depression
Dezocine
internal processes
Intravenous injection takes effect in 15 minutes
T1/2 2.2-2.8 hours
The analgesic effect of 5-10mg is equivalent to that of pethidine 50-100mg
effect
postoperative analgesia
visceral pain
undesirable effects
Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, tachycardia
Antagonist
Naloxone
Takes effect within 1-3 minutes after intravenous administration
Injecting 0.4-0.8mg naloxone for 1-2 minutes can antagonize the effect of fentanyl
Naltrexone