MindMap Gallery Anesthesiology - Sedative-Hypnotics
While studying anesthesiology, let’s cheer together and use it for the first time hahaha
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This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
sedative hypnotics
definition
Promote and maintain physiological sleep, eliminate irritability and restore calm
metabolism
Biotransformation into metabolites by hepatic enzymes
ultimately excreted by the kidneys
Pharmacology and clinical effects
Central Nervous System
anti-anxiety
sedation hypnosis
Anti-epilepsy, convulsions
central muscle paralysis
Relieves muscle spasms to relieve anxiety and induce sleep
Unable to meet surgical needs
Cardiovascular System
blood pressure
Mild drop in blood pressure
It turns out that people with high blood pressure or anxiety state have a more obvious decrease.
heart
Little effect on myocardial contraction
Mildly increases heart rate
respiratory system
Respiratory depression is weak
Adverse reactions
central nervous system reaction
respiratory and circulatory depression
Do not inject too quickly
Contraindicated in infants under 6 months of age and patients with myasthenia gravis
acute poisoning
dependency
Teratogenic
Contraindicated for women in early pregnancy
Classification
Benzodiazepine
Classification
diazepam
midazolam
Benzodiazepines with the shortest half-life
nature
Intravenous injection has quick onset of action and short maintenance time
Reaches peak in 60-90 seconds, fully awake in 2-3 hours
Aqueous solution is stable and non-irritating
Good compatibility with sugar, salt, Ringer, and salt water
No precipitation occurs when mixed with atropine and scopolamine
Pharmacological effects
It has strong anti-anxiety, hypnosis, true and false, muscle relaxant, anterograde amnesia and anti-convulsant effects.
Has a certain respiratory depressant effect
Depends on dose and injection speed
Small dose (0.075mg/kg) has no effect on breathing
One dose of imidazole is a safe amount
It has a certain protective effect on cerebral hypoxia
Mildly reduce cerebral oxygen consumption, cerebral blood flow, cerebral perfusion, and intracranial pressure in patients with intracranial tumors
Mild cardiovascular effects
No analgesic effect, can enhance the analgesic effect of other anesthetics
Can reduce but not completely eliminate the sympathetic excitement caused by tracheal intubation
Adjuvant fentanyl can eliminate
Clinical application
Anesthesia induction and maintenance
0.02-0.04mg/kg imidazole reduces the induction dose of propofol by 50-65%.
Various types of anesthesia and sedation
Pre-anesthetic medication
ICU sedation
barbiturates
Phenobarbital
Thiopental
Phenothiazines
Strong tranquillizer
Mainly used in the treatment of schizophrenia
Butyrophenones
strong tranquillizer
Blocking dopamine receptors exerts tranquilizing and antiemetic effects
droperidol
New sedative-hypnotic drugs
dexmedetomidine
a2 adrenal receptor agonist
effect
Sedation, hypnosis, analgesia, sympathetic relief
Pharmacological effects
respiratory system
Little impact
Cardiovascular System
slow heart rate
Relieve on its own
anticholinergics
Reduce peripheral vascular resistance
Indirectly lower cardiac output and blood pressure
Clinical application
induction of anesthesia
0.5-1ug/KG before induction
Reduce the dosage of induction drugs and reduce circulation fluctuations
Maintenance of general anesthesia
0.2-0.4ug/(KG.H)
Reduce irritability during recovery period
Stop medication early
Wake-up delay
intraoperative sedation
0.2-0.7ug/(KG.H)
For local anesthesia, nerve block, spinal anesthesia auxiliary
ICU sedation
Adverse reactions
hypotension
bradycardia