Features
Features:

Product Tour >

Edraw AI >

Paid Plans:

Individuals >

Business >

Eduaction >
Resources
Blog

History

How-tos & Tips

Discovery

Biography

Business Analysis

Examples

AI concept Map

Free AI Mind Map Generator

Onenote Mind Map

Bcg Matrix Examples

Nike Marketing Strategy

Unilever SWOT Analysis

Make Mind Maps in Google Docs

Guide

FAQs

What's New

Resource Center
Templates
All Templates

Brain Storming Templates

Strategy and Planning Templates

Project Management Templates

Product Management Templates

Human Resources Templates

Agile Workflow Templates

Marketing Templates

Education Templates

Fun and Games Templates

User Gallery
Download
Pricing
Enterprise

MindMap Gallery Autoimmune disease mind map

Autoimmune disease mind map

This is a mind map about medical immunology, including the pathological damage mechanism of autoimmune diseases, the classification and basic characteristics of autoimmune diseases, etc.

Edited at 2023-11-16 17:33:50

PlotWizard

Recent works View more works>>

Autoimmune disease mind map

PlotWizard

Recent works View more works>>

Recommended to you
Outline

autoimmune disease

autoimmunity

Usually does not cause harm to the body

autoimmune disease (AID)

Predisposing factors and mechanisms

changes in autoantigens

Release of antigens from immune isolation sites

Isolated antigen/Cryptoantigen

Such as brain, testicles, eyes, heart muscle and uterus, etc.

Release of isolated antigens in cases of surgery and trauma → contact with the immune system → activate autoreactive lymphocytes → attack the corresponding parts to cause lesions

changes in autoantigens

biological, chemical, physical factors

hemolytic anemia

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infects red blood cells and changes their antigenicity

rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid factor (RF)

IgM against IgG with altered antigenicity

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Skin is exposed to UV rays → DNA becomes the target antigen

molecular simulation

Hemolytic streptococci cross-react with similar epitopes in the kidney and heart

epitope expansion

Reasons why autoimmune diseases prolong and worsen

An antigen may have multiple epitopes

Dominant epitope (original epitope)

First stimulate an immune response

Cryptic epitope (secondary epitope)

Hidden within the antigen or at low density, subsequently stimulating immune response

systemic lupus erythematosus

Anti-membrane antigen antibody → anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) (anti-histone antibody, anti-DNA antibody)

Abnormalities of the immune system

Abnormal clearance of autoreactive lymphocytes

normal circumstances

hub - negative selection

Peripheral—AICD mechanism

abnormal situation

negative selection disorder

Fas/FasL gene mutation

Autoimmune regulatory factor (AIRE) gene mutation → reduced or absent tissue-restricted antigen (TRA) expression in thymic stromal cells → impaired clearance of autoreactive T cell clones

Breaking immune neglect

immune neglect

DCs are activated by foreign microorganisms → present autoantigens that are ignored by immunity

Polyclonal activation of lymphocytes

B cell polyclonal stimulators

Macrophage virus, Epstein-Barr virus, HIV

T cell polyclonal stimulator

Bacterial exotoxins and retroviral proteins

Abnormal expression of MHC-II molecules

activation-induced cell death disorder

AICD-related genetic defects

Fas gene mutation

Regulatory T cell dysfunction

genetic factors

The correlation between HLA genes and autoimmune diseases

Association between non-HLA genes and autoimmune diseases

autoantigen gene

innate immunity related genes

Signaling and transcription factor genes

Cytokine and receptor genes

lymphocyte regulatory genes

complement genes

other factors

gender factors

Women are 10-20 times more susceptible to multiple sclerosis and SLE than men

Men are 3 times more susceptible to ankylosing spondylitis than women

age factor

Autoimmune diseases mostly occur in the elderly and are very rare in children

Low thymus function in the elderly leads to immune system dysfunction

Pathological damage mechanism of autoimmune diseases

Type II hypersensitivity reaction

Autoantibodies—directly destroy cells

autoimmune anemia

pernicious anemia

drug-induced hemolytic anemia

autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura

autoimmune neutropenia

Autoantibodies – abnormal cell function

toxic diffuse goiter

Myasthenia gravis (MS)

Type III hypersensitivity reaction

Autoantibodies and antigens form IC—mediating tissue damage

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

mechanism

Anti-DNA, histones, red blood cells, platelets, white blood cells, coagulation factors and other autoantibodies form a large number of immune complexes with self-antigens

Deposited on the walls of small blood vessels in the skin, glomeruli, joints, brain, etc., activating complement and causing tissue cell damage

Two main clinical features

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) appear in serum

Multisystem involvement, especially skin and kidneys

systemic symptoms

fever

Skin and mucous membrane injuries

Butterfly erythema on face

Maculopapular rash, rash, photoallergy, hair loss, oral ulcers, etc.

joint pain

Type IV hypersensitivity reaction

Autoreactive T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases

Insulin-dependent diabetes (type I diabetes)

Autoreactive T lymphocytes continue to kill pancreatic islet cells

Resulting in insufficient insulin secretion (absolute amount)

multiple sclerosis

Autoreactive T lymphocytes (Th1, Th17 cells) attack the spinal cord sheath, causing inflammatory damage

Classification and basic characteristics of autoimmune diseases

Classification

organ specific

Systemic

feature

The patient has high titers of autoantibodies and/or autoreactive T cells

Respond to its own components, causing tissue cell damage or dysfunction

The condition is positively related to the intensity of the immune response, and often occurs chronically and relapses

Passive transfer of disease (animals) via serum or cell delivery

genetically predisposed

Principles of prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases

Remove factors that cause abnormal immune tolerance

Prevent controllable microbial infections

Use medications with caution

Suppresses immune response to self-antigens

immunosuppressant

Cytokine and its receptor blocking antibodies or blocking agents

Antibodies against immune cell surface molecules

Application of monovalent antigen or epitope peptides

Rebuilding specific immune tolerance to self-antigens

Induction of immune tolerance by oral administration of autoantigens

Oral Type II Collagen (RA)

Inducing immune tolerance by mimicking thymic negative selection

other

Splenectomy

Oral VitB12 to treat anemia