MindMap Gallery Medical Immunology—Mucosal Immunity Mind Map
This is a mind map about medical immunology—mucosal immunity, including the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, lacrimal glands, breast glands, etc.
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This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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mucosal immunity
include
Gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, lacrimal gland, mammary gland, etc.
composition
mucosal tissue barrier
mucosal epithelial tissue
Secrete mucin to prevent microorganisms from adhering
Secrete antimicrobial peptides to directly inhibit/kill microorganisms
intestinal epithelial cells
Defensins, lysozyme
Paneth cells (basal part of the crypt area of the small intestine)
cryptins, defensins
lung tissue cells
Defensins, surfactant proteins
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)
Peyer's patches (PP)
Rich in DC, T and B cells
There are 100-200 PP in the human small intestine
independent lymphoid follicle
B cells
appendix
Promote the maturation of B cells and the production of IgA class antibodies
Mesenteric lymph nodes (not included)
It does not belong to GALT, but works together with GALT to form the "induction site" of intestinal immunity.
Nasopharyngeal associated lymphoid tissue (NALT)
Webster's ring
Bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)
Alveolar macrophages, submucosal DC cells
Intestinal commensal flora
The body does not mount an immune response against intestinal flora
Assists in nutrient uptake, metabolism and toxin degradation
Maintain epithelial tissue barrier and prevent invasion and accumulation of pathogenic bacteria
Compete with pathogenic bacteria for space and nutrients
Inhibit epithelial tissue inflammatory response
Regulate immune cell differentiation
cell
Mucosal epithelial tissue and its innate immunity
intestinal epithelial cells
enterocytes
Transcellular transport (transcytosis)
Uptake of molecules and particles in the intestinal lumen → vesicles → cell basal surface
Cell basal surface protein molecules (IgA, IgM) → intestinal lumen
Polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR)
IgG Fc receptor
innate immune effect
Expresses multiple pattern recognition receptors
Regulating the release of defensins from Paneth cells
secrete cytokines
Antigen presentation
M cells (microfold cells)
Directly endocytoses and transports protein antigens in the intestinal lumen to Peyer's patches
Transport antigens to intestinal mucosal T and B cells to induce adaptive immunity
enteroendocrine cells
goblet cells
Paneth cells
Mucosal lymphocytes and adaptive immunity
Mucosal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL)
Almost all are T cells, mostly distributed in the epithelial tissue covering PP
Mostly CD8 y8 T cells, less CD8 aBT cells
Mostly effector or memory cells targeting viruses, bacteria, and parasites
mucosal lamina propria lymphocytes
mucosal effector T cells
CD4 ratio is about 3:1 than CD8+, and CD4 is dominated by Th1 and Th17.
The lamina propria contains a small number of y8 T cells, providing early immune defense against enteric pathogens
mucosal regulatory T cells
TGF-B and retinoic acid (RA) secreted by intestinal mucosal DCs promote the transformation of some Th0 cells into CD4Treg cells.
Tregs can inhibit the activation of Th1, Th17y8T and IEL cells
Innate lymphocytes (ILC3)
Secrete IL17 and IL22 and participate in intestinal inflammatory response
mucosal B cells
Mainly IgA B cells
TGF-B secreted by mucosal DCs induces IgA production
Secretory IgA (slgA) is the primary antibody of the mucosal immune system
pIgR binds to bimeric IgA with J chain with high affinity to become sIgA → is transported into the intestinal lumen
slgA is distributed differently in different regions of mucosal tissue and is mainly found in gastrointestinal and bronchial secretions, milk, saliva and tears.
Recirculation of mucosal lymphocytes
Mucosal tissue-specific DCs
The development of mucosal immune tolerance
Oral tolerance
mucosa-related inflammatory diseases
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)