Tip: The antagonistic effect of atropine on exogenous choline esters is much stronger than that of endogenous ACh.

(1) Pupil dilation: blocks the M receptor on the pupillary sphincter, causing the pupillary sphincter to relax

(2) Increased intraocular pressure: Due to the dilation of the pupil, the iris retreats to the edge, narrowing the anterior chamber angle gap and hindering the reflux of aqueous humor. Therefore, it is contraindicated for patients with glaucoma.

(3) Accommodative paralysis: clear vision of distant objects. (As opposed to pilocarpine, which “regulates spasms”)

(1) Heart: A therapeutic dose of atropine can temporarily and slightly slow down the heart rate; a larger dose of atropine can block the M2 receptors in the sinoatrial node, relieve the inhibitory effect of the vagus nerve on it, and accelerate the heart rate.

(2) Blood vessels: dilate blood vessels and improve microcirculation (small blood vessels in the periphery and internal organs)

Effective for gastrointestinal colic, bladder irritation and enuresis

For renal and biliary colic, it needs to be combined with analgesics (Meperidine)

Iridocyclitis: Atropine can relax the iris pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscles, allowing them to fully rest, which is beneficial to the resolution of inflammation. It can also be used in combination with miotic drugs (pilocarpine) to prevent adhesion between the iris and the lens.

Optometry, fundus examination: pupil dilation