MindMap Gallery Medical lung cancer mind map
This is a mind map about medical lung cancer, including concepts, treatment methods, body positions and fixation tools, Preparation before position fixation, Implementation of body position fixation, etc.
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lung cancer
concept
It is currently the most common and fastest growing malignant tumor
National lung cancer incidence rate among men ranks first among cancer incidences
1st cause of cancer death
Primary bronchial lung cancer, originating from the trachea, bronchial mucosa or glands, is the most common primary malignant tumor of the lungs
Pathological classification
small cell carcinoma
non-small cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
diagnosis
X-ray: Chest X-ray, CT, Pet-ct, Ect bone scintigraphy
magnetic resonance
Bronchoscopy
Histological and cytological examination
mediastinoscopy
thoracotomy
Pathological diagnosis is the gold standard for diagnosis
treatment
Lung cancer must be treated with a variety of methods to achieve better results.
Because most patients are diagnosed with mid-to-late stage ART and cannot undergo surgery, most patients require comprehensive treatments such as radiotherapy or radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
anatomy
Positioning and fixation tools
Position: Supine or prone position
Auxiliary fixing tools: integrated frame, abdominal pressure plate
Fixation tools: thermoplastic film (head, neck and shoulder membrane, upper lung cancer; cervical pleura, middle and lower lung cancer), vacuum pad
Preparation before position fixation
Patient preparation
Check the patient's application form and the information on the wristband (name, gender, age, medical record number). After confirming that the identity is correct, arrange a treatment time to introduce the importance of position fixation to the patient and their family members, and instruct the patient to breathe slowly and remove metal objects from the body. (Necklace, pendant), wearing light clothing, no buttons or other accessories
Evaluate the patient's physical condition: Based on the information on the application form and the patient's mental state, for patients undergoing enhanced scanning, ask whether they have a history of allergies, severe diabetes, hyperthyroidism, abnormal renal function, etc., strictly control contraindications, and ask the patient to sign a special inspection notification Consent form. Critically ill patients and patients who need enhanced scanning must be accompanied by a competent physician. Drugs can be used for uncooperative patients (young children).
If there is an unhealed surgical incision within the patient's positioning range, it is generally recommended to position the patient after the wound has healed to avoid wound infection caused by affixing position markers and marking machines.
Preparation of fixed equipment
Body frame fixators are usually made of carbon fiber materials to ensure high penetration of radiotherapy rays and reduce the impact on dose
Foam glue uses two chemical substances to mix to produce a chemical reaction. It foams and expands. After cooling, it is shaped and solidified. The human body surface contour is used for radiotherapy position fixation. It is different from other fixation methods in that it is an active shaping fixation. Way
Implementation of postural fixation
Place the head, neck and shoulder fixation plate (integrated carbon fiber plate for radiotherapy) so that the central axis of the shoulder fixation plate coincides with the longitudinal laser line
Instruct the patient to take off his shirt, clothing, and wig. The patient first sits on the head and neck fixation board (specialized carbon fiber board for radiotherapy) on the treatment bed. The therapist holds the patient's neck and assists him to lie down slowly.
Head, neck and shoulder mask for position fixation
Thermoplastic Body Film Vacuum Bag Fixation
Posture Simulation Facility
4DCT scan
Prospective 4D-CT scan: the respiratory phase is unified for each scan and needs to be coordinated with respiratory gated radiotherapy
Retrospective 4D-CT scan: collect images of all respiratory realities, observe the range of motion of the target area, and formulate individualized PTV for targeted radiotherapy (more applications)
Campus location verification
School location
Before the patient's first treatment and between the CT simulation positioning, the patient's position is calibrated (in addition to making the heat shrink film, the process is the same as the position fixation and simulation implementation process)
treatment delivery
Radiation therapy order review
Check the patient's fixation methods, fixation devices, and treatment auxiliary equipment before treatment
During positioning, the body position should be consistent with the doctor's instructions and CT positioning. The three-dimensional direction errors such as laser positioning should be less than or equal to 1mm. At least two radiotherapists should participate in the positioning. During the first treatment positioning, the patient, the physician in charge, the physicist, Radiation therapist, must also participate and sign for confirmation