A method of studying the laws of psychological and educational activities through psychological and educational tests, that is, using a set of standardized questions, following prescribed procedures, and collecting data through measurement methods. (Follow certain standards and procedures; measure people's behavior; measure part of people's behavior but not all)

Category scale: name scale - classification

Ordinal scale: order by attribute

Isometric scale: A measurement of a behavioral or psychological characteristic using equally spaced points.

Ratio scale: measurable gaps and proportions

Indirectness: The test reflects the explicit response rather than the implicit process, and psychological inferences are made based on the explicit response.

Relativity: The test results reflect individual differences in order and are compared with the majority of people or personal standards.

Objectivity: Psychological and educational phenomena exist objectively; the preparation, administration, and scoring of psychological and educational tests are strict.

Ability test (actual ability and potential ability, general ability and special ability), academic achievement test (individual's mastery of knowledge and skills after formal education and training), personality test (character, temperament, interests, attitude, etc.)

Individual test (the examiner measures each subject individually within a certain period of time), group test (the examiner measures multiple subjects at the same time within a certain period of time)

Text measurement (paper-and-pencil test, the test content is text materials and the subjects use text to answer), non-text test (operational test, the test content does not involve text and the subjects complete the test by hands-on operation)

Descriptive tests (describing the abilities, personality and other characteristics of an individual or group), diagnostic tests (diagnosing certain behavioral problems of an individual or group), predictive tests (predicting an individual's future performance and level of achievement)

Supreme Action Test (requiring subjects to give the best answers possible), Typical Action Test (testing people's typical behaviors or psychological characteristics in specific situations, with no right or wrong answers)

Educational tests (student ability and personality tests conducted by education departments), vocational tests (used for personnel selection and placement in corporate departments), clinical tests (clinical diagnosis and consultation work)

Selection: Scientifically select talents and improve the efficiency and accuracy of talent selection.

Placement: Provide a basis for teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and making the best use of their talents (schools, factories, etc.)

Diagnosis: Determining a person's strengths and weaknesses and finding reasons for behavioral changes

Consulting: Provide reference and guidance for various consulting work

Develop a test preparation plan (purpose and purpose of measurement objects, two-way detailed list), compile and select test questions, test and analyze (500-1000, qualitative and quantitative analysis), arrange and tabulate (parallel linear/hybrid spiral), establish Norms (standardized interpretation of scores), identification tests (reliability and validity).

Notice

Compilation and development: 1905 - Binet-Simon Scale, 30 items, measuring children's intelligence; 1908, first revision, 59 items, mental age; 1911, second revision; 1916 - Stanford-Binet Scale (Tui Meng) , the first use of intelligence quotient; the S-B scale in 1960 had a total of 142 items and 20 development levels; the Binet-Simon test was introduced to our country in 1922, and the revision of the Chinese Binet-Simon test began in the 1920s, with Mr. Chen Zhiwei in 1924 The test was revised in 1934 and 1934; in 1982, Wu Tianmin revised the Chinese Binet Scale for the third time.

Content: 51 items including naming objects, identifying graphics, inferring situations, pointing out shortcomings, calculations, etc., divided into 4 categories: language and literature, number, problem solving and skills; suitable for urban and rural male and female infants, children and adults aged 2 to 18 years old.

Note for use: According to the age of the subject, check the starting point of the test in the appendix of the instruction book before taking the test. If you pass a question, one point will be scored. If you fail to pass five consecutive questions, the test will be stopped. Finally, the IQ will be found based on the score.

Revised Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-RC): In 1939, the American doctor Wechsler published the world's first scale to measure adult intelligence - the Wechsler Intelligence Scale, which was first revised in 1955 and second revised in 1981. . Content: 11 tests - 6 verbal scales and 5 operational scales, suitable for people over 16 years old. Domestic Webster: Since 1979, Mr. Gong Yao has led 56 units to complete the test, and it was completed in 1982; two sets of urban and rural norms were established respectively. Testing requirements: 11 tests must be completed at one time, and the original scores must be converted into IQ scores.

Wechsler Children's Intelligence Scale: Wechsler compiled the W-BI scale in 1949 and published the revised WAIS-R in 1974. The domestic Wechsler Children's Intelligence Scale was revised by Lin Chuanding, Zhang Houcan and others, and is suitable for urban and rural boys and girls aged 6 to 16 years old. Note: Adapt the order of presentation of test items to children's responses; try to eliminate children's fears and concerns; give children appropriate rest time.

China-Wechsler Infant Intelligence Scale (C-WYCSI-R): In 1967, Wechsler released the WPPSI (11 tests) suitable for children aged 4 to 6.5 years old. Mr. Gong Yao presided over the completion of the revision of the WPPSI, called C-WYCSI-R (including two sets of urban and rural scales, suitable for urban and rural children aged 4 to 6.5 years old in my country.

Raven's Standard Reasoning Test: compiled by British psychologist Raven in 1938. This test is a non-verbal intelligence test that requires subjects to reason about the graphic relationships in the scale. my country's Zhang Houcan presided over the revision of the Raven Standard Reasoning Test (Chinese Urban Revised Edition) in 1986. The test consists of 60 questions in five series, mainly testing abstract reasoning abilities such as perceptual discrimination, graphic comparison, graphic combination, integration, and interchange. Suitable for both toddlers and adults.

Raven Test - Combined Type (CRT): In 1947, Raven also compiled the Color Reasoning Test and the Advanced Reasoning Test suitable for people with low mental age and high mental age respectively. In 1988, Professor Li Dan presided over the revision of the Raven Test, combining the standard type and the color type, which was called CRT. The CRT consists of the Raven Color Type (three series) and the last three series of the Standard Reasoning Test, with a total of 72 questions. It is suitable for people aged 5 to 75, and urban norms and rural norms have been established.

Eysenck published the questionnaire for the first time in 1952, and subsequently revised it three times in 1959, 1964, and 1975. This scale is a self-report scale, divided into adult version and adolescent version, with a total of four dimensions (introversion and extraversion E, emotional stability N, abnormal personality P and validity L). Mr. Liu Xiehe first introduced this scale to the China, later revised by Mr. Gong Yao, Chen Zhonggeng and others. The final Chinese Eysenck questionnaire has 85 questions. The adult questionnaire is suitable for people over 16 years old, and the youth questionnaire is suitable for teenagers aged 7 to 15 years old.

The English version of the questionnaire has three copies, A, B, and C, which were published successively from 1956 to 1957. Each copy has 187 questions, and each personality factor consists of 10 to 13 test questions. This scale can not only clearly describe 16 basic personality characteristics, but also infer dimensional factors that can describe personality types and personality factors of mentally healthy people. The current domestic version is mainly the revised version of the Liaoning Provincial Research Institute in 1981; the national norm was revised in 1988, and there are currently six norms for adults, college students, and middle school students.

The scale was compiled by Hathaway and McKinley in the United States in the early 1940s. The scale has a total of 566 questions, 10 clinical scales (Hs, O, Hy, Pd, Mf, Pa, Pt, Sc, Ma, Si); four validity scales (L, F, K,?) . This questionnaire is suitable for subjects over 16 years old and has two methods: template scoring and computer scoring.

1953. This scale has a total of 225 questions. It is a forced choice test and mainly tests 15 needs such as achievement and compliance.

90 questions, 10 factors, five-level scoring.