superior epigastric artery

Pericardiophrenic artery (feeds the phrenic nerve)

External intercostal muscles, internal intercostal muscles, innermost intercostal muscles, subcostal muscles, transversus thoracis muscles

intercostal artery

posterior intercostal vein

Intercostal Nerves & Subcostal Nerves

Parasternal lymph nodes, intercostal lymph nodes

Depression in the middle of the mediastinal surface of the lung

From front to back, superior pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery, main bronchus, inferior pulmonary vein

Left pulmonary root: pulmonary artery, main bronchus, superior pulmonary vein, inferior pulmonary vein

Right lung root: upper lobe bronchus, pulmonary artery, middle and lower lobe bronchi, superior pulmonary vein, inferior pulmonary vein

Anterior phrenic nerve, pericardiophrenic artery and vein

posterior vagus nerve

Below: Pulmonary ligament (including inferior pulmonary vein)

Location

The aorta starts from the left ventricle, moves to the height of the second sternocostal joint on the right side to become the aortic arch, and moves backward to the left to the lower edge of the fourth thoracic vertebral body to become the thoracic aorta; it passes through the diaphragm at the height of the 12th thoracic vertebral body. The arterial hiatus migrates into the abdominal aorta, which divides into the left and right common iliac arteries at the lower edge of the fourth lumbar vertebra; the common iliac artery divides into the internal and external iliac arteries at the height of the sacroiliac joint.

anterior mediastinum

middle mediastinum

posterior mediastinum

Anterior layer (thymic-venous layer) thymus, left and right brachiocephalic veins, superior vena cava

Middle layer (arterial layer) aortic arch and its three major branches (brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid trunk, left subclavian), phrenic nerve, vagus nerve

Posterior layer Trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct, left recurrent laryngeal nerve Upper esophageal triangle on the left side of esophagus

The sternal angle is bounded by the plane of the lower edge of the fourth thoracic vertebra

Bevel of rib 1

(aortic arch)

(ductus arteriosus triangle)

Located in the narrow space between the anterior wall of the pericardium, the body of the sternum, and the transversus pectoralis muscle

Contains thymus remnants, lymph nodes, adipose tissue, and connective tissue

The area between the anterior and posterior walls of the pericardium

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esophageal chest

Thoracic aorta

thoracic sympathetic trunk

thoracic duct

Infection can spread to/through the diaphragm → extraperitoneal fat

in superior mediastinum

Communicates with the pretracheal space of the neck

Upward through the retropharyngeal space

Pass downward into the retroperitoneal space