Wondershare EdrawMind
MindMap Gallery Accounting basics mind map
- 55
Accounting basics mind map
This is a basic mind map about accounting, including understanding accounting, accounting profession and accounting work organization, Grasp accounting objectives, accounting information quality requirements and accounting methods, etc.
Edited at 2023-12-01 15:04:30
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Reproductive development of animals
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Accounting basics mind map
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Reproductive development of animals
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Recommended to you
- Outline
Basis of Accounting
1. Understand accounting, accounting profession and accounting work organization
1. Understand the origin of accounting
The name "accounting" originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty
Accounting: confirmation, recording, calculation, reporting
Basic characteristics of accounting
Accounting is an economic management activity and an economic information system
Accounting uses currency as the unit of measurement
Accountants have the basic functions of accounting and supervision
2. Understand the accounting profession
Two milestones in the history of modern accounting development
The creation of double-entry ledgers
The world's first accountancy institute - Edinburgh Institute of Accountants - was established
3. Clarify the organization of accounting work
Follow the principle of "unified leadership, hierarchical management"
The person in charge of the accounting agency should have professional and technical qualifications such as accountant or above or have more than three years of working experience
2. Grasp accounting objectives, accounting information quality requirements and accounting methods
1. Accounting expansion functions
Forecast economic background
Participate in economic decision-making
Evaluate business performance
2.Basic accounting assumptions
Going concern: In the foreseeable future, the enterprise will not face liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy and cease to exist.
Accounting subject: The accounting subject is not necessarily the legal subject, but the legal subject must be the accounting subject
Accounting period (accounting period)
Year: January 1st - December 31st
Mid-term: quarterly, monthly, semi-annual
Monetary measurement: using RMB as the standard accounting currency
3. Accounting information quality requirements
Reliability: authentic, reliable, complete content
Relevance: Useful
Comprehensibility: accurate, clear
Comparability: unity, consistency
Substance over form: economic substance over legal form
Importance: comprehensive, important
Prudence: Steady, cautious
timeliness: timeliness
5.Accounting basics
Accrual basis: only collect and pay in the current period (focus on things)
Cash basis: only capital inflows, no outflows (money tracking)
6.Accounting methods
Set up accounting subjects and accounts
double entry
Fill out and review vouchers
Register
cost calculation
Property inventory
Prepare accounting statements
3. Divide accounting elements and establish accounting equations
1. Divide accounting elements
assets
Current assets - monetary funds, trading financial assets, inventories, receivables and prepayments, etc.
Long-term assets—long-term equity investment, long-term debt investment
Fixed assets - net fixed assets, construction in progress, construction materials
Intangible assets - assets without physical form, such as patent rights, trademark rights, goodwill, etc.
Other assets—long-term deferred expenses, deferred income tax assets
Liabilities
Current liabilities (short-term liabilities): debts repaid within 1 year or within an operating cycle exceeding 1 year
Long-term liabilities (non-current liabilities): Debt with a repayment period of 1 year or more than one operating cycle of more than 1 year
Owner's equity: the remaining equity enjoyed by the owner after deducting liabilities from the assets of the enterprise.
income
According to the nature of daily activities: income from selling goods, income from providing labor services, and total outflow from transferring asset use rights
According to the primary and secondary business operations of the enterprise: main business income, other business income
Expenses: Total outflows incurred in the day-to-day activities of a business that reduce the owner's profits and are not related to the distribution of the owner's profits
Profit: Revenue - Expenses = Profit
2. Measurement attributes of accounting elements
history cost
replacement cost
net realizable value
present value of future cash flows
Fair value
3. Expression form of accounting equation
Financial position equation (static)
Assets = Equity
Assets - Liabilities = Owners' Equity
Assets = Liabilities Owner’s Equity
Operating Results Equation (Dynamic)
Revenue-Expenses=Profit
Dynamic and static combination equation
Assets = Liabilities Owner’s Equity (Income – Expenses)
Expenses + Assets = Owners’ Equity Income
Balance Sheet—Financial Condition Income Statement—Operating Results Cash Flow Statement—Cash
Basis of Accounting
4. Open accounting accounts and use the debit and credit accounting method
1. Set up accounting accounts
Assets, liabilities, commons, owners’ equity, costs, profits and losses
2. Open accounting account
Classification by economic business content (accounts): assets, liabilities, owners' equity, costs, profits and losses
Classification by purpose and structure: accounting, classification that reflects economic indicators
Classification by level of detail of accounting information
General Ledger Account: General Ledger Account or General Ledger
Detailed ledger account: Detailed ledger
Account structure
Ending balance = Beginning balance Increase in the current period - Decrease in the current period
Basic structure: account name, date, voucher number, summary, amount
Simple structure: T" account
3. Use the debit and credit accounting method
Single-entry accounting: only one account is recorded in one account
Double-entry accounting: debit and credit accounting, increase and decrease accounting, receipt and payment accounting
If there is a borrowing, there must be a loan, and the borrowing must be equal.
The structure of the debit and credit accounting method
Asset account structure: ending balance (debit) = initial balance, debit amount for this period - credit amount for this period
Liability account structure: Ending balance (credit) = Beginning balance Credit amount for the current period - Debit amount for the current period
Expense account structure: debits register increases, credits register decreases, and there is no balance at the end of the period
Income account structure: Decrease is registered on the debit side, increase is registered on the credit side, and there is no balance at the end of the period
Accounting Entries
Simple accounting entry: An accounting entry involving only a debit to one account and a credit to another account (one debit and one credit)
Compound accounting entries: accounting entries composed of two or more (two included below) corresponding accounts (one debit and multiple loans, one loan and multiple borrows, multiple borrows and multiple credits)
Three steps: 1. Determine the subjects 2. Determine the direction based on increases and decreases 3. Record the amount
5. Accounting for the economic business and cost calculation of the main business processes of the enterprise
1. Calculate the economic business of fund raising
Owner's Equity Financing Business
Raise money from investors or raise money from creditors
Debt financing: bank borrowing, issuing bonds
Equity financing
limited liability company
Paid-in capital—name of owner
Co., Ltd.
Share capital - name of shareholder
Accounting for loan business
Short-term borrowings (with a term of less than 1 year and within 1 year): Accounts for borrowings from banks or other financial institutions.
Financial expenses: used to calculate the financing expenses incurred by the enterprise to raise funds required for production and operation. At the end of the period, they are transferred to "profit for the year" and there is no balance at the end of the period.
Long-term borrowings (more than 1 year): Account for various loans borrowed by enterprises from banks or other financial institutions. The repayment of "principal and interest" is credited to "long-term borrowings - principal"; the accrued interest is credited to "long-term borrowings - accrued interest" "
Interest payable: Calculate the interest that the enterprise should pay according to the contract.
2. Calculate the economic business of the supply process
Buy equipment, buy materials
Accounting for purchased fixed assets (depreciation)
Reasonable and necessary expenses
No installation required: fixed assets
Requires installation: Project under construction, equipment reaches usable condition: borrow "fixed assets" and borrow "project under construction"
Accounting for purchased materials
1. The payment has been paid, and the materials have been put into storage: Debit: raw materials, taxes payable; Credit: bank deposits
2. The payment has been made, but the materials have not yet been put into storage: Debit: materials in transit, taxes and fees payable; Credit: bank deposits
3. The payment has not been made and the materials have been put into storage.
The invoice has arrived: debit: raw materials, taxes payable; credit: accounts payable
Invoice has not arrived: debit: raw materials, credit: accounts payable
Make the opposite accounting entry at the beginning of next month (the ticket has arrived): debit: accounts payable, credit: raw materials When the ticket arrives, make a reverse entry and re-enter the account: debit: raw materials, credit: accounts payable
Purchase by prepayment
The payment for the goods is made by transfer check, and the materials have been accepted into the warehouse: Debit: raw materials; Credit: bank deposits
3. Calculate the economic business of the production process
Overview of production process accounting
supply, production, marketing
Direct expenses: production costs
Materials, labor, fees
Overhead: Manufacturing overhead (allocation criteria): machine hours, labor hours, planned allocation rate
Period expenses: administrative expenses, sales expenses, financial expenses
Calculation and carry forward of finished product production costs
Materials in transit—raw materials
Construction in progress—fixed assets
Production costs—inventory goods—main business costs
4. Calculate the economic business of the sales process
Materials in transit—raw materials—production costs—inventory goods—main business costs (warehousing) (putting into production) (sales)
Main accounts and economic transactions during the sales process
1. Obtain income: borrow: bank deposits, accounts receivable Credit: main business income, other business income, taxes payable
2. Carry-forward costs: borrow: main business costs, other business costs Credit: Inventory goods
3. Provision of relevant taxes: Debit: Taxes and surcharges Credit: Taxes payable—VAT (output tax) or consumption tax
General taxpayers: annual sales exceeding 5 million yuan (special invoices can be issued) Small-scale taxpayers: annual sales do not exceed 5 million yuan (special invoices cannot be issued)
5. Economic business accounting for the formation and distribution of financial results
Profit carried forward
1. Income carry forward: Debit: Income category Credit: Profit for the year
2. Costs and expenses carried forward: Debit: Profit for the year Loans: Expenses
3. Provision and carry forward of income tax: ① Provision: Debit: income tax expense; Credit: tax payable - income tax payable ②Carry forward: debit: profit for the year; credit: income tax expense ③Tax payment: Debit: tax payable - income tax payable; credit: bank deposit
4. Carry forward profits for the current year
Net profit realized for the year: Debit: Profit for the year; Credit: Profit distribution - undistributed profits
If a loss occurs this year, make the opposite accounting entry: Debit: profit distribution - undistributed profits
Profit Distribution
1. Appropriation to surplus reserve: Debit: Profit distribution - Appropriation to surplus reserve; Credit: Surplus reserve - Appropriation to surplus reserve
10% (required)
2. Withdraw discretionary surplus reserve: Debit: Profit distribution - draw discretionary surplus reserve; Credit: Surplus reserve - draw discretionary surplus reserve
Can be mentioned or not
3. Distribution of cash dividends: Debit: Profit distribution - dividends payable; Credit: Dividends payable
4. Conversion of surplus reserve into capital: Debit: Surplus reserve; Credit: share capital,
Errors that do not affect the balanced relationship between lenders and borrowers usually include: ① Missing a certain economic business ② Re-record a certain economic business ③The debitable and creditable accounts of a certain economic business record are correct, but the debit and credit balance is under-recorded or over-recorded, and the amounts are consistent. ④The relevant account of a certain economic business was recorded incorrectly ⑤A certain economic business reverses the accounting direction in the account ⑥In the amount of a certain debit or credit, over- or under-recording occurs accidentally and offsets each other.
Operating profit = operating income - operating costs - taxes and surcharges - sales expenses - management expenses - financial expenses - asset impairment losses Investment income (minus losses) Gains from changes in fair value (minus losses) Operating income = Main business income Other business income Operating costs = Main business costs Other business costs Total profit = operating profit non-operating income - non-operating expenses (gains and losses directly included in current profit) Net profit = total profit - income tax expense
Capital reserve—Capital premium—Equity premium
Capital reserve—equity premium—capital premium