MindMap Gallery Material transport function of cell membrane
This is a mind map about the material transport function of the cell membrane. The cell membrane is the basic unit of life activities, and all life activities are based on material metabolism.
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This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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Material transport function of cell membrane
Cells are the basic units of life activities, and all life activities are based on material metabolism.
cell membrane structure
cell membrane/plasma membrane
Inner cell membrane (nuclear surface)
biofilm
Function
Isolate cells from surrounding environment
Semipermeable membrane properties, allowing certain substances or ions to selectively pass through
Continuous exchange of materials, energy transfer and signal transduction with the external environment
Liquid Mosaic Model
Lipid, protein and carbohydrate composition
The liquid lipid bilayer serves as the skeleton, inlaid with protein molecules with different structures and physiological functions. There are glycolipids and glycoproteins on the surface.
mosaic protein
skeleton protein
recognition protein
enzyme
receptor protein
transport/carrier proteins
channel protein
membrane pump
Features
fluidity
Make cell membranes elastic
Directionality
Material transport function of cell membrane
passive
condition
fat soluble
high concentration to low concentration
Classification
Simple diffusion/free diffusion
flux
The electrochemical gradient of this substance on both sides of the membrane
The material’s permeability
Water molecules are called osmosis
Steroids are fat-soluble but require assistance
facilitated diffusion/assisted diffusion
Need special protein help
Mediated by carrier
carrier = transporter
Binding-Conformational Change-Dissociation Process
Mainly essential nutrients-glucose, amino acids
Features
transport along concentration gradient
High structural specificity
saturation phenomenon
competitive inhibition
Channel as an intermediary
ion channel
sodium potassium calcium ions
Features
high speed
Ion selectivity
Gating
Classification
chemically gated channels
chemical signal
Mechanically gated channel
pressure
initiative
Cells transfer certain substance molecules or ions against the electrochemical gradient through some energy-consuming process of their own.
biological significance
The characteristics of living cells ensure that living cells can actively choose to absorb the required nutrients according to the needs of life activities, and actively discharge metabolic waste and substances harmful to cells.
Classification
primary active transport
most important
Sodium pump (Na-K-ATPase)
significance
The resulting high K is a necessary condition for many metabolic reactions to proceed
Maintain cell osmotic pressure and cell volume relatively stable
The huge concentration difference caused is the basis of potential energy generated by the cell's transmembrane potential.
The basis of excitation produced by excitatory cells
Provides energy for secondary active transport
Participates in the absorption and reabsorption of Na and water in the small intestine and renal tubules
ATP directly supplies energy
secondary active transport
Na-dependent transporter protein (transporter)
Indirectly uses ATP to provide energy
Each co-transporter has a specific transporter protein
Classification
cotransport
The molecules or ions being rotated have the same direction
Reverse transport/exchange
opposite direction
endocytosis
Macromolecule substances or substance agglomerates
endocytosis
Bacteria, viruses, foreign matter, lipoproteins and macromolecule nutrients in plasma
Phagocytosis
Phagocytic vacuole 1-2 microns
pinocytosis
Endocytic vesicle 0.1-0.2 micron
Classification
Liquid phase enters the cell
receptor-mediated inoculation
requires clathrin
germ cells
monocytes
Macrophages
neutrophils
exocytosis
The process by which substances in intracellular secretory vesicles or other membrane vesicles are transported out of the cell through the cytoplasmic membrane
Ca related
Energy consumption
Classification
sustained exocytosis
intermittent exocytosis
Transport of macromolecules across the nuclear membrane
nuclear membrane
composition
Two layers of membrane inside and outside
nuclear space
Nuclear pore
protein complex
active and passive
nuclear lamina