microbial physiology

plant physiology

animal physiology

human physiology

comparative physiology

Ecophysiology

evolutionary physiology

developmental physiology

acute experiment

chronic experiment

The relationship between function and structure

Functional change processes and the physical and chemical properties of these change processes

Explain the phenomena of life activities

The animal body maintains close contact with the external environment as a whole

The activities of various organ systems in the animal body revolve around life activities

Classification

Elucidate the functions and mechanisms of each organ and system, their role in the body, and the various factors that influence and regulate their functions

Classification

Reveal the cellular and molecular biological mechanisms of life activity phenomena

Classification

fluids in animals

Relatively stable body fluid environment

ion

Nutrients

metabolite

temperature

pH

Osmotic pressure

Under normal physiological conditions, the physical and chemical properties of the internal environment only change within a narrow range.

Comprehensive results of normal physiological activities of various cells and organs

With the participation of the central nervous system, the body's regular adaptive response to changes in the internal and external environment

Basic process/method

basic structure

Certain special chemicals produced and secreted by certain cells in the body are transported through body fluids to tissue cells with corresponding receptors in the body, regulating the activities of these tissues and cells.

Tissues and cells that can be regulated by certain hormones

long-range secretory regulation

paracrine regulation or local humoral regulation

autocrine regulation

Reaction rate is slow

Broad and long-lasting effect

The adjustment method is relatively constant

The adaptive response of certain cells, tissues and organs to changes in the surrounding environment without relying on the action of nerve or humoral factors

One-way control

Achieve fine adjustment of the control part

Positive feedback

Negative feedback

The result of the integration of the positive and negative regulatory processes of metabolism in a certain new city of the body

reset