Physiological hyperprolactinemia often occurs in pregnant and lactating women.

Levels of prolactin produced by mammary gland stimulation increase during pregnancy and lactation.

Pituitary adenoma

drug-induced hyperprolactinemia

Other causes

Normal physiological hyperprolactinemia in pregnant or lactating women generally has no obvious symptoms.

Infertility and menstrual disorders

breast abnormalities

Pituitary tumor compression symptoms

Blood tests can measure prolactin levels in the serum and help diagnose hyperprolactinemia.

Normal ranges vary between laboratories, but generally hyperprolactinemia in pregnant and lactating women can be considered physiologic.

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect pituitary adenomas and the presence of other causes.

Hyperprolactinemia needs to be differentiated from postpartum hypothyroidism, ovarian insufficiency, renal dysfunction and other diseases.

Remove or treat the cause, such as surgery to remove a pituitary adenoma.

Adjust or discontinue medications that may cause hyperprolactinemia.

Most cases of hyperprolactinemia can be treated with medications to lower prolactin levels.

Commonly used medications include dopamine agonists and carbidopa hydrochloride.

For some causes that require surgical treatment, such as pituitary adenomas, surgical removal is a common treatment method.

Patients need to undergo regular prolactin level testing to monitor treatment effects and disease progression.

During follow-up, the treatment plan can be adjusted according to the patient's condition.